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A SYLLABUS 



OF 



UNITED STATES HISTORY 



PRICE SIXTY CENTS 



A SYLLABUS 

OF 

UNITED STATES HISTORY 



BY 

HOMER C. HOCKETT 

Professor of American History 
Ohio State University 

AND 

ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER 

Assistant 'Professor of American History 
Ohio State University 



COLUMBUS. OHIO 
1915 






COPYRIGHT 1915 
By HOMER C. HOCKETT and ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER 



0^"' 



•CI.A414099 



OCT 18 1915 






FOREWORD 



This syllabus is an evolution from an outline of Bassett's Short His- 
tory of the United States, prepared as an aid in teaching- an introductory 
course in United States history at Ohio State University. In giving the 
syllabus the present form, it seems desirable to explain that while Pro- 
fessor Bassett's text remains the basis, and the page notations through- 
out the body of the syllabus refer to it, considerable liberty has been 
taken in rearranging the subject matter for class discussion. It has been 
our practice in assigning collateral reading to allow students to select 
two entire volumes each semester from the American Statesmen and 
AmcTncan Crisis series of biographies, but the inclusion of reference lists 
at the close of each main division of the syllabus will easily make possible 
an alternative plan of reading. The classification of references under 
"Other texts," "General accounts," "Topical readings," and "Additional 
topics" calls for no comment, except that the numerals preceding the 
topical references correspond vdth the subdivisions of the outline. The 
list of books cited is rigidly minimized, in order to come well within the 
limitations of small libraries, and because about half of our students are 
Freshmen for whom excellent treatises are sometimes obviously unsuited. 
A full list of books cited vdll be found at the close of the syllabus. 

The body of the syllabus directs the student's attention to a few 
important documents in parenthetical references to "readings." To 
minimize expense Brown's Epoch-making Papers has been used, but the 
term, "readings," will permit those who wish to place more stress on 
documents to use a larger source book. 

The scanty outline for the colonial period is due to the impossibility 
of covering the whole of our history adequately in a year's course of 
three hours per week, and to the belief that a proper perspective should 



bring the more recent history into greater prominence. We have con- 
sidered it more important to sum up the fundamental facts of the early 
period and begin the course substantially with the close of the French 
and Indian War, than to study the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 
in detail and slight the events of our own generation. 

It is hoped that the syllables may be of some service to other teachers 
of Professor Bassett's text, and that it may prove worth while to sec- 
ondary school teachers as a guide in self -preparation. 



OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS. 
September, 1915. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

I. The Colonizing of North America 7 

II, Development op the British Provinces 15 

III. The Contest Over Taxation by Parliament (1763-1774).... 23 

IV. The War for American Independence (1775-1783) 31 

V. The Confederation Period (1781-1789) 35 

VI. The Making of the Constitution (1787-1789) 39 

VII, Establishment of the New Government (1789-1793) 13 

VIII. Period of Dominant Foreign Relations (1793-1815) 

A. Federalist Supremacy 45 

B, Republican Supremacy 49 

IX. Period of Dominant Nationalism and Domestic Issues 

(1815-1829) 57 

X. Period of Party Development and Sectional Controversy 

(1829-1844) <5 

XT- The Struggle Over Extension of Slavery (1844-1860) 73 

XII. The Civil War (1861-1865) ^1 

XIII, Reconstruction of the Southern States 89 

XIV. National Readjustment After the Civil War (1865-1877)... P5 
XV, Opening of the Modern Era (1877-1898) !9 

XVI. United States as a World Power 1 -9 

XVII. Internal Affairs Under Roosevelt and Taft 115 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts : 

Elson, History of United States,, 1-159. 

West, American History and Government, 1-116, 131-142. 

Thwaites, The Colonies, 1-95, 112-177, 195-217, 234-244. 

General Accounts: 

Andrews, Colonial Period, 9-61. 

Becker, Beginnings of American People, 1-134. 

Wilson, History of American People, I, 1-318. 

Topical Readings : 

lb, c. Fiske, Discovery of America, I, 1-147. 

Garner and Lodge, History of United States, I, 3-30. 
Fisher. Colonial Era, 1-11. 



Ic. Garner and Lodge, I, 31-42. 
Fiske, I, 148-334. 



b. Bourne, Spain in America, 3-148. 
Garner and Lodge, I, 42-64, 81-92. 
Channing, History of United States, I, 1-54, 90-110. 
Fiske, I, 335-516; II, 1-212. 
Fisher, 12-23. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, I, 28-49, 69-144. 



2c. Bourne, 149-201. 

Garner and Lodge, I, 64-81. 
Channing, I, 59-85. 
Fiske, 11, 483-569. 
Hart, I, 49-68. 

3a. Tyler, England in America, 3-33. 
Garner and Lodge, 1, 92-103. 

Fiske, Old Virginia and Her Neighbours, I, 1-40. 
Channing, I, 115-140. 
Fisher, 33-29. 



I. THE COLONIZING OF NORTH AMERICA. 

1. Conditions affecting discovery and settlement. 1-27. 

a. Physical factors. 

1) Topography. Character of Atlantic coast. Interior water 

courses. 

2) Climatic variations. Rainfall. 

3) Natural resources. 

a) Importance of fisheries and fur trading. 

b) Forests and their commercial uses. 

c) Soil conditions in various sections and social results. 

d) Food products. 

e) Unimportance of minerals. (Account for later im- 

portance.) 

b. Native American population. 

1) Evidences of prehistoric man. 

2) Chief Indian tribes, particularly Algonkin and Iroquois. 18. 

3) Chief features of Indian civilization. 

4) Relations to Europeans, 

c. European background. 

1) Pre-Columbian voyages. Results. 

2) Search for new^ route to Orient. 

a) Importance of fall of Constantinople. 

b) Effect of improvements in navigation. 

c) Portuguese efforts around Africa. 25-26. Final suc- 

cess. 34. 

d) Hopes for w^estem route to Orient. 

(1) Revived belief in rotundity of earth. 
' (2) Lesson of Marco Polo's journeys. 

2. Era of discovery and exploration. 27-39. 

a. Finding of new^ continent. 

1) Early geographical interests of Columbus. 

2) First voyage of Columbus. Results, 

3) Pope's division of discoveries. 

4) Second voyage and dealings w^ith natives. 

5) Naming of New World. 32-33. 

b. Determination of American coastline. 

1) Purpose of explorers. 31, 

2) Progress made by Columbus and later Spanish discoverers. 

30-32, 



3b. Tyler, 34-117; Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 202-31. 
Garner and Lodge, I, 104-125. 
Fiske, Old Virginia. I, 41-254; II, 1-107. 
Channing, 1, 143-236; II, 63-65, 80-91. 
Fisher, 30-61. 
Hart, I, 145-174. 
Hart, I, 200-246. 



Tyler, 118-148; Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 232-51. 
Garner and Lodge, I, 125-133. 
Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 255-318. 
Channing, I, 241-268, 499-507. 
Fisher, 62-75. 
Hart, L 247-274. 



Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 50-241. 

Tyler, 149-281, 297-327; Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 41-73. 

Garner and Lodge, I, 148-180. 

Channing, I, 271-436; II, 65-79. 

Fisher, 82-176. 

Hart, L 174-199. 

Hart, I, 340-466. 



Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 74-100. 

Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, I, 58-294; II, 1-10, 16-92. 

Channing, 1, 438-483; II, 31-44, 48-55. 

Garner and Lodge, I, 180-190. 

Fisher, 177-193. 

Hart, I, 529-547. 



5b. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 101-128. 

Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, II, 10-16, 92-98, 140-47. 
Channing, II, 44-48, 55-59. 
Fisher, 194-198. 
Hart, 1, 563-575. 



Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 162-201. 
Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, II, 99-140, 147-167 
Channing, II, 94-126. 
Fisher, 199-206. 
Garner and Lodge, I, 190-218. 
Hart, I, 548-562. 



3) Magellan's voyage. 

4) Exploits of Portuguese navigators. 

5) Isolated attempts of English and French. Importance. 

6) Effect of discoveries on accuracy of maps. 

c. Spanish exploration of interior of North America. (Note 
names of explorers and chief facts of expedi- 
tions.) 

3. Planting of first English colonies. 

a. Revival of English interest in America. 41-44. 

1) Cause. Exploits of Hawkins, Drake, Gilbert. 

2) Raleigh's colonies. Lesson of their failure. 

b. Virginia. 45-52. 

1) Formation of London and Plymouth Companies. (Note 

main features of charter, including non-repre- 
SFntative government and common ownership.) 

2) Founding of Jamestown. Services of John Smith. 

3) New charter of 1609. Governor Dale's reforms. 

4) Introduction of self-government: cause and result. 

5) Charter annulled (1624). Virginia as a typical royal 

province. 

6) Troubles with Indians. 

7) Berkeley's despotism. Bacon's rebellion. 89-92. 

c. Maryland. 52-58. 

1) Position of Catholics in England. 53-54. 

2) Lord Baltimore's charter. (Note powers of proprietor.) 

Maryland as a typical proprietary province. 
52-53. 

3) First settlement. Beginnings of self-government. 

4) Religious toleration. 53, 55. 

5) Troubles with Virginia. Internal disorders. 

6) Difficulties under Ci'omwell. 

4. Settlement of New England. 

a. First attempts (1606-8). 46. 

b. Plymouth colony. 59-62. 

1) Separatists in England and Holland. 

2) Settlement of Plymouth. (Note basis of civil government.) 

3) Economic and religious development. 

c. Massachusetts Bay colony. 63-68. 

1) Motives for Puritan colonization. 

2) Terms of charter. Transfer of company to New England. 

Massachusetts as a typical corporate colony. 



Andrews, Colonial Self -Government, 129 -161. 
Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 270-307. 
Garner and Lodge, 1, 133-143. 
Channing, II, 13-25. 
Fisher, 76-81. 
Hart, I, 275-284. 



6b. Greene, Provincial America, 249-269. 
Fisher, 303-312. 
Garner and Lodge, I, 143-147. 



Additional Topics : 



Conquest of Mexico. 

Fiske, Discopery of America, II, 213-293. 
Conquest of Peru. 

Fiske, Discovery of America, II, 294-426. 



10 



3) Settlements. Evolution of legislature. 

4) Religious restrictions on suffrage. 

5) Religious persecutions. 

d. Expansion of New England. 

1) Rhode Island. 68. 

a) Motive for settlement, 

b) Charters (1643, 1663). (See also 80.) 

2) Connecticut. 

a) Cause of settlement. 69. 

b) Colonies of Connecticut and New Haven. 

c) Pequot war. 70. 

d) Merging of colonies in charter (1663). 80. 

3) New Hampshire and Maine. 62, 70. 

a) Early attempts at settlement. 

b) Grants to Mason and Gorges. 

c) Absorption by Massachusetts. 

e. New England Confederation. 71. 

1) Reasons for forming. Colonies admitted. 

2) Form of government. Success and failures. 

f. Conflict with Indians: Philip's War. 92-93. 

5. Founding of miffdlc colonies. 

a. New York. 

1) Period of Dutch rule. 72-76. 

a) Dutch discovery and settlement. 

b) Government under Dutch West India Company. 

Patroon system. 

c) Demand for self-government. 

d) Conquest of New Sweden. 

e) English conquest of New Netherland. 

2) Proprietorship of Duke of York. Progress toward self- 

government. 83-85. 

3) Transition to royal province (1685). 

b. New Jersey. 85. 

1) Circumstances of founding. 

2) Later Quaker control. Liberal government. 

3) Conversion to royal province (1702). 97. 

c. Pennsylvania and Delaware. 85-88. 

1) Penn's charter. His ideas of government. 

2) Treatment of Indians. 

3) Large measure of self-government. *" 

4) Absorption of Delaware. Later separation. 

5) Origin of Mason and Dixon's line. 

11 



6. Planting of later southern colonies. 

a. The Carolinas. 82-83. 

1) Grant to the eight proprietors. 

2) Settlements in northern part. 

3) Development of southern part. ^ 

b. Georgia. 109-110. 

1) Reasons for founding, and type of government. 

2) Peculiar plans of promoters. Reasons for them and results. 

3) Beginning of settlement. Elements in population. 

4) Relations with Spanish neighbors. 

5) Georgia in 1753. 



13 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 160-219. 

Thwaites, 96-111, 179-194, 218-232, 246-284; and Hart, Formation of the 

Union, 2-41. 
West, 118-130. 143-171. 



General Accounts : 

Andrews, Colonial Period, 62-228. 

Becker, Beginnings of the American People, 134-200. 

Fisher, Colonial Era. 157-176. 207-320. 

Sloane, The French War and the Revolution, 1-115. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 9-28. 

Wilson, History of the American People, I, 318-350; II, 1-61, 72-129. 



Topical Readings: 

1. Andrews, Colonial S elf-Government, 3-40, 2.")2-287; and Greene, Provincial 

America, 30-62, 166-227. 
Channing, History of the United States, II, 155-310. 341-362. 
Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 253-278; and Old Virginia and Her 

Neighbours, II, 159-162. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, II, 127-223. 

2. Channing, II, 527-599. 

Fiske, New France and New England, 1-132, 233-359. 
Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, I, 270-341. 
Greene, 106-165; and Thwaites, France in America (entire). 
Hart, Contemporaries, 312-372. 

3. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 288-336. 
Channing, II, 367-521. 

Garner and Lodge, I. 219-269. 

Greene, 228-248, 270-324. 

Fiske, New France and New England. 133-232; Old Virginia, II, 29-44,. 

174-269. 
Hart, Contemporaries, II, 205-311. 



14 



II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH PROVINCES. 

1. Evolution of British colonial policy. 

a. Legal relations of colonies and England. 76, 81. 

1) Prominence of crown. 

a) As source of governmental authority. (Note large 

liberty allowed in early colonies.) 

b) Growth of royal control. 

2) Parliament and trade regulation. Early Navigation Acts. 

78, 80-81. 

a) 1651. Non-English ships excluded from colonies. 

b) 1660. "Enumerated articles" to be sent only to 

England. 

c) 1663. Imports to colonies only by way of England. 

b. Attempts at colonial reorganization under later Stuarts. 93-97. 

1) Attack on the charters. 

a) Dissatisfaction with Massachusetts. Randolph's 

charges, and forfeiture of charter (1684). 

b) Proceedings against other colonies. Outcome. 

2) Dominion of New England. 

a) Colonies included. 

b) Purpose of formation and character of government. 

c. Effects of English Revolution of 1688. 96-97, 102-103. 

1) Subsequent relations of colonies and Parliament. 

2) Downfall of "Dominion." Readjustment of government in 

colonies which had composed it, especially 
new charter of Massachusetts. 

3) Results for other colonies, especially Maryland. 88-89, 97. 

d. English policy after 1689. 

1) Summary. 99. 

2) Preference for colonies of royal type. 

a) Increase in number of royal colonies following Revolu- 

tion of 1688. New Hampshire, New Jersey. 97. 

b) Misgovemment of proprietary North Carolina. Pur- 

chase by crown (1729). 106-107. 

c) Overthrow of proprietors in South Carolina. 108. 

d) Provision for lapse of Georgia charter. 109. 

3) Administrative machinery of the crovim. 

a) Board of Trade (1696) and functions. 77. 

b) Royal governors and their functions. 

15 



4) Parliamentary regulation of navigation and trade. 

a) Restrictions on manufactures. 141. 

b) Enlargement of list of "enumerated articles." 143-144. 

c) Molasses Act of 1733. 144. 

d) Regulation of colonial currency. 157-158. 

e) Royal officials and admiralty courts for enforcement 

of Acts of Trade. 

e. Friction under British policy. 1700-1750. 

1) English justification: mutual advantage. 100. 

2) Colonial opposition. 

a) Increasing impatience under resti'aint. Growing self- 

reliance and desire to retain "home rule." 
Reasons. 100-101. 

b) Importance of control of purse. 101-104. 

(1) Controversies over salaries of governors. 

(2) Significance of right to initiate money bills. 

(3) Contest over control of expenditures in New 

York. 

c) Methods of securing desired legislation: case of 

Pennsylvania. 105. 

d) Evasion of Navigation Acts. 144. 



2. Rivalry of French and English. 

a. French exploration and colonization. 111-115. 

1) Sixteenth century efforts. 

2) Beginnings in St. Lawrence basin (New France) in early 

seventeenth century. 

a) Champlain and founding of Quebec. 

b) Indian relations. Iroquois. 

c) Jesuit missions. 

3) Activities in Mississippi Valley. 

a) Chief explorations. 

b) Planting of Louisiana. 

b. King William's War. 1690-1697. 116-118. 

1) Causes. 

2) Attacks on English frontier. 

3) Albany Congress of 1690. Plans for counterstroke. 

4) Character of remainder of war. 

5) Terms of Treaty of Ryswick. 

c. Queen Anne's War. 1702-1713. 118-120. 

1) Chief episodes. 

2) Terms of Treaty of Utrecht. Importance of this treaty. 

17 



d. King George's War. 1744-1748. 120. 

1) Capture of Louisburg. 

2) Terms of Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 

e. French and Indian War. 1754-1763. 121-130. 

1) Preliminaries. 

a) The rival interests and the prize at stake. 

b) French fort-building (1753) and Washington's inission. 

c) First violence and first bloodshed. 

d) British preparations: Albany Congress of 1754. 

Franklin's plan of intercolonial union. 

2) Campaign of 1755. 

a) British plan of attack and net results. 

b) Deportation of Acadians. 

3) Events of 1756-1757. 

a) Beginning of Seven Years' War in Europe. 

b) Incompetence of British ministries. 

c) Campaign: French successes in New York. 

4) Campaign of 1758. 

a) Measures of Pitt. Four points of attack. 

b) Net results. 

5) Campaigns of 1759-1760. Capture of Quebec and Montreal. 

Significance. 

6) Spain's part in the war. 

a) Family compact of 1761. 

b) British capture of Havana and the Philippines. 

7) Treaty of Paris, 1763. 

a) Territorial transfers. 

b) Reasons for defeat of France. 

c) Influence of cession of Canada upon relations of 

England and colonies. 

f. Aftermath: Indian wars. 130-132. 

1) Cherokee war, 1759-1761. 130-132. 

2) Pontiac's conspiracy, 1763-1764. 

a) Reasons for hostilities. 

b) Scope of attack. 

c) Bouquet's expedition. 



3. Conditions of life in the English provinces. 

a. Economic. 

1) Agriculture. 

a) Ease of acquiring land. Various methods. Effect on 
immigration and movements of population. 
134, 136-137. 

19 



b) Contrasting- agriculture of New England and South. 

.140. 

c) White servants and negro slaves. Sources of supply. 

Typ'3s of slavery. Slave laws. 137-140. 

2) Manufactures. 140-141. 

a) Charactei- and extent of colonial manufactures. 

b) Purpose and effects of British restrictions. 

3) Maritime industries. 141-145. 

a) Fisheries. 

b) Towns as centers of trade. Contrast between northern 

and southern colonies. 

c) Colonial exports. 140. 

d) Influence of Navigation Acts on commerce. 

e) Slave trade. 

4) Currency. 157-158. 

b. Political. 134-135, 155-157. 

1) Types of local government. 

a) New England town. 

b) Southern county. 

c) Mixed system of middle colonies. 

2) Contest between aristocratic and democratic elements in 

the population. 135-136. 

c. Social, religious, and educational. 

1) Non-English colonists. Characteristics and location. 145- 

148. 

2) History of the established churches. 148-152. 

a) Decline of Puritanism. 

(1) Advent of Anglicanism in New England. 

(2) Liberal movement within the Puritan church. 

(3) Witchcraft delusion. 

(4) The "Great Awakening" and results. 

(5) Influence of toleration in Rhode Island. 

b) Failure of efforts to exclude dissenters from Vir- 

ginia. 

c) Triumph of Anglicanism in Maryland and South 

Carolina. 

d) Legal and actual status of Anglicanism in North 

Carolina. 

e) Preva'ence of dissenters in middle colonies. 

f) Effects of British Toleration Act of 1689. Status of 

Catholics. 

3) Education. 153-155. 

1) Beginnings of the first American colleges. 

2) Private schools in middle and southern colonies. 



21 



REFEKENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elsoii, 220-237. 
Hart, 43-63. 
West, 172-211. 

General Accounts : 

Andrews, Colonial Period, 229-252. 

Becker, Beginnings of the American People, 202-247. 

Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, I, 342-381. 

Sloane, French War and Revolution, 116-178. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 28-57. 

Wilson, History of the American People, II, 98-201. 



Topical Readings : 



Clianning, History of the United States, III, 29-79. 

Howard, Preliminaries of the Revolution, 102-173. 

Fisher, Struggle for American Independence, I, 61-111. 

Lecky, American Revolution (Woodburn edition), 38-99. 

Fiske, American Revolution, I, 14-27. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, II, 394-412. 

Channing. Ill, 81-113. 

Howard, 174-205. 

Fisher, I, 112-136. 

Lecky, 99-135. 

Fiske, 1, 28-62. 

Hart, Contemporaries, II, 413-431. 

Channing, IIL 118-150. 

Howard. 242-295. 

Fisher, I, 145-205, 214-239. 

Lecky, 152-194. 

Fiske, I, 77-111. 

Hart, Contemporaries, II, 431-441. 



Additional Topics: 



Thomas Paine' s Influence on the Revolution. 

Tyler, Literary History of the American Revolution, I, 452-474; II, 35- 
49. 

22 



III. THE CONTEST OVER TAXATION BY PARLIAMENT 
(1763-1774). 

1. Introductory. 161-162. 

a. Theories of the powers of Parliament. 

1) English theory of parliamentary supremacy: Parliament 
is supreme for every purpose throughout the empire. 
(This was the accepted legal theory in England but had 
never been clearly put into operation over the colonies.) 

2) American theory of colonial home rule: Parliament is su- 
preme only in affairs affecting the empire as a 
whole; in purely local matters the colonial legislatures 
are supreme. Thus, Parliament can pass acts of trade 
and navigation and regulate money throughout the em- 
pire for the common good, but cannot tax a colony intern- 
ally any more than the colonial legislature could tax 
England. (The distinction grew up in the Americans' 
minds between "internal" and "external" taxation, the 
latter being acknowledged as within the power of Par- 
liament. The American view was strengthened by the 
English policy of "salutary neglect" so long pursued 
toward the colonies.) 



b. Elements of friction between England and the colonies. 

1) Development of a new American self-reliance, due to: 

a) Rapid increase of population. 

b) Experience in intercolonial wars. 

c) Surrender of Canada by France. 

d) Long practice in self-government. 

e) Other reasons. 

2) Radical change in Ehiglish colonial policy impending 

after the Fourth Intercolonial War (1763) be- 
cause of: 

a) New problems facing England: 

(1) Necessity of reorganizing her world empire. 

(2) Need of help to pay off large war debt. 

(3) Necessity of protecting colonies from enemies. 

b) Character of men in control: George III; Gren- 

ville; Townshend. 169. 

23 



The Loyalists. 

Tyler, I, 293-315. 

Fisher, I, 240-274. 

Howard, 313-326. 

Van Tyne, American Revolution, 248-268. 
The Hessians in the Revolution. 

Lowell, Hessians in the Revolution, 14-57, 282-292. 
Washington as Revolutionary General. 

Adams, Studies Military and Diplomatic, 59-113. 

Hapgood, George Washington, 107-283. 

Ford, The True George Washington, 208-292. 
Robert Morris as Financier of the Revolution. 

Oberholtzer, Robert Morris, 60-213. 



24 



2. Grenville's policy and American resistance, 1763-1766. 162-169. 

a. The three-fold plan. 

1) Acts of trade. 

a) Plans for enforcing old acts. (Why necessary?) 

b) Molasses duties of 1733 to be reduced and rigidly 

enforced. (Purpose of reduction?) 

2) Standing army in America. 

a) Plan for support. 

b) Why needed. 

c) Billeting act. 169, 

3) Stamp Act, proposed for the following year. (Why an- 

nounced in advance?) 

b. American reception of the Grenville program. 

1) Objections to new trade regulations. Effect on "round- 

about" trade. 

2) Objections to standing army. 

3) Memorials to Parliament against the proposed Stamp 

Act. 

4) Views of James Otis, first of the radical pamphleteers. 

c. Completion of the Grenville policy, 1765. Stamp Act. 

d. American opposition to the Stamp Act. 

1) Remonstrances of legislatures. Best example, Patrick 
« Henry's resolutions. 

2) Nullification of the Act through mob violence. (Was Act 

enforced ? ) 

3) Stamp Act Congress, 1765: 

a) Petitions to both king and Parliament. 

b) Objections to the Stamp Act: Declaration of Rights. 

4) Boycott of British imports. 

e. Repeal of Stamp Act, 1766. 

1) Reasons for repeal. 

2) Declaratory Act and reasons for it. 

3) Modification of molasses duties. (Not mentioned in 

text). 

4) American rejoicings. (Note status of other British 

measures.) 

3. Townshend's policy and American opposition, 1767-1770. 169-173. 

a. The Townshend Acts, 1767. 

1) Import duties: avoidance of "internal taxes." 

2) Board of Customs Commissioners established at Boston. 

3) Suspension of New York Assembly. 

25 



b. American opposition. 

1) Dickinson's ''Farmer's Letters": distinction between in- 

ternal and external taxation abandoned. 
(December, 1767). 

2) Revival of boycott (lasted until 1770). 

3) Massachusetts Circular Letter (February, 1768). 

4) Defiance of acts of trade at Boston. 

c. British efforts at repression. 

1) Orders to governors to suppress Circular Letter. 

2) Trial of American agitators. 

3) Troops in Boston. 

a) Why sent? 

b) Grovidng friction between troops and citizens, 1768- 

1769. 

c) So-called "Massacre" (1770) and its results. 

d. Partial repeal of the Townshend Acts, 1770. 

1) Causes of the repeal. 

2) The Tea Tax; its terms and purpose. 

3) Effect of the partial repeal on America. 

4. Crystallization of sentiment against England. 173-175. 

a. Development of colonial opinion, 1763-1770. 

b. Gradual formation of conservative, radical, and moderate 

groups. 

c. Activities of Sam Adams and other political organizers; 

growth and function of the committees of 
correspondence. 

d. Burning of the Gaspee, June, 1772. 

5. Progress toward rebellion. 175-179. 

a. The Tea Act of 1773. 

1) Reasons for passage. Terms. 

2) Reception of the tea in Charleston, Philadelphia, and 

New York. 

3) The "Boston Tea Party" (Dec. 16, 1773). 

b. Coercive Acts of 1774. 

1) Boston Port Act: terms and reasons for passage. 

2) Massachusetts charter act; remodeled into a royal 

province. 

3) Trial of royal officials. Purpose of this act. 

4) Billeting Act of 1765 revived. 

5) Quebec Act. Terms. (Justify the act. Why was it "in- 

tolerable" to the colonists?) 

27 



First Continental Congress, 1774. 

1) Effect of the Coercive Acts on America: calling of Con- 

tinental Congress. 

2) Work of the Congress. 

a) Conflict over Galloway's plan. 

b) Declaration and Resolves. (Why no address to Par- 

liament ? ) 

c) The Association: the most important enactment. 

d) Ominous call of a second congress. 

3) Compare this congress with the Stamp Act Congress. 



29 



REFERENCES 
Other Texts: 

Elson, 237-317. 
Hart, 63-93, 95-101. 
West, 211-247. 

General Accounts : 

Becker, Beginnings of the American People, 247-274. 

Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, 1, 382-421; II, 423-543. 

Sloane, French War and Revolution, 179-369. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 57-128. 

Wilson, History of the American People, II, 201-329. 



Topical Readings : 

1. Channing, History of the United States, III, 155-179. 
Howard, Preliminaries of the Revolution, 296-312. 
Fisher, Struggle for American Independence, I, 275-321. 
Fiske, American Revolution, I, 117-172. 

4. Channing, III, 182-206. 

Van Tyne, American Revolution, 50-87. 

Fisher, I, 206-213, 436-444, 457-465. 

Tyler, Literary History of the American Revolution, I, 475-521. 

Fiske, I, 172-197. • 

5, 6. Channing, III, 210-273. 

Fiske, I, 198-238, 249-34 3. 
Van Tyne, 102-135, 157-174. 

7. Fiske, II, 1-24. 

Lecky, American Revolution (Woodburn edition), 296-313, 327-329. 
Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 8-40. 

8, 9. Channing, III, 279-342. 

Fiske, II, 25-81, 164-205, 244-290. 

Van Tyne, 289-333. 

Roosevelt, Winning of the West, II, 31-90. 

30 



IV. THE WAR FOR AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (1775-1783). 

1. Beginning of armed resistance. 179-180. 

a. Warlike preparations directed by provincial congresses and 

committees of safety. 

b. Gage's attempt to seize stores at Concord (April 18, 1775). 

c. Effect of bloodshed on the continent. 

2. Second Continental Congress, May 10, 1775. (Lasted until 1781). 181. 

a. War activities. 

b. Petition to king. 

c. England's response. 186. 

3. Campaigns prior to Declaration of Independence. 181-184. 

a. Around Boston, 1775-1776. (Note only the leading events and 

movements in this and all other campaigns). 

b. American invasion of Canada, 1775-1776. 

c. British invasion of the Carolinas, 1776. 

4. The movement for independence. 186-188. 

a. Doctrines of Paine's "Common Sense." 

b. Hope and fear of the conservatives. 

c. Action of radical colonies. 

d. Steps leading to the Declaration. 

e. Analysis of the Declaration. (Study in Readings. ) 

5. Campaigns of 1776 after the Declaration. 188-192. 

a. British operations around New York City. 

b. Remarkable retreat across New Jersey. 

6. Campaigns of 1777. 192-198. 

a. Triple-headed plan of the British. 

b. Howe's Philadelphia campaign. 

c. St. Leger's campaign in the Mohawk Valley. 

d. Burgoyne's disastrous campaign. (Why is Saratoga considered 

one of the decisive battles of the world?) 

7. French assistance. 198-200. 

a. Secret aid before 1778. 

b. Alliance, February, 1778. 

31 



11. Channing, III, 346-373. 
Fisher, II, 524-551. 
Foster, 41-88. 

Fiske, Critical Period of American History, 1-49. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, II, 619-632. 

li. Channing, III, 431-462. 

Merriam, American Political Theories, 38-!).J. 

Tyler, I, 223-292. 

Van Tyne, 136-156, 175-202. 



32 



1) Motives and immediate cause. 

2) Terms of the treaties. (Treaty of alliance is important in 

connection with the Genet episode of 1793). 

3) Spanish war with England, 1779. 

c. British offer of reconciliation. Cause and terms. 

8. Campaigns in the North, 1778-1779. 200-202. 

a. Operations in New Jersey, 1778. 

b. Failure of allies to take Newport, 1778. 

c. Minor events in the North, 1779. 

9. Campaigns in tjxe South, 1779-1781. 206-214. 

a. British plan of operations. 

b. Early British successes. 

c. American successes under Greene, and the victory of the 

allies at Yorktown. 

10. Sum up the general reasons for American success in the War 

for Independence. 

11. Treaty of Peace, 1783. 214-216. 

a. Attitude of American commissioners toward France. (Explain 

Vergennes' conduct.) 

b. Provisions of the treaty: 

1) Independence recognized. 

2) Boundaries defined. (Secret clause is important because 

of later troubles vnth Spain, 264-266. Spain 
received the Floridas by separate treaty). 

3) Fisheries. 

4) Payment of British debts promised. 

5) Compensation of loyalists to be recommended by Con- 

gress. (Distinguish carefully between this 
and the preceding provision.) 

c. No commercial treaty; hardship of this on the new republic. 

12. Civil progress during the War. 217-219. 

a. Character of new state governments. On what were they 

modeled? Why were the governors given 
meager powers? Was universal manhood 
suffrage granted ? 

b. Federal government. Whence did the Continental Congress 

(1775-1781) derive its authority? How effi- 
cient did it prove? 

33 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 318-325. 

Fish, Development of American Nationality, 13-32. 

Hart, 103-119. 

West, 248-293. 

General Accounts: 

Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, II, 544-572. 

Johnson, Union and Derruocracy, 1—24. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 129-138. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 1-20. 

Wilson, History of the American People, III, 1-66. 

Topical Readings : 

1. McLaughlin, Confederation and CfOnstitutiun, 35-52. 
Fiske, Critical Period, 90-101. 

Channing, History of United States, III, 444-456. 

2. McLaughlin, 108-122, 123-137. 
Fiske, 187-207. 

Channing, III, 528-550. 

Hinsdale, Old Northwest, 263-316. 

3. McLaughlin, 53-70. 

Gordy, Political History of the United States, I, 20-36. 

4. McLaughlin, 71-107. 
Fiske, 119-162. 
Gordy, I, 37-51. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 161-176. 

5. McLaughlin, 138-167. 
Fiske, 101-119, 162-186. 
Gordy, I, 52-63. 

6. McLaughlin, 168-183. 
Fiske, 207-222. 
Channing, III, 4o3-491. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 177-107. 



34 



V. THE CONFEDERATION PERIOD (1781-1789). 

1. The plan of government. 238-240. 

■ a. History of the formation and ratification of the Articles of 
Confederation. Maryland's influence. 232. 

b. Provisions. (E>- amine Articles in readings.) 

1) Legislature. 

a) Form, mal;e-up; how members were chosen; manner 

of voting. 

b) Powers: revenue; commerce; war; treaties. 

2) Relation of executive and judiciary to legislature. 

3) Provision for amendment. 

c. Sovereignty under the Articles. 

2. Constructive work of the Confederation: beginning of the national 

domain and territorial .system. 231-233. 

a. The land cessions. 

1) Claimant states, basis of claims and reasons for trans- 

fer to Congress. 

2) Two series of cessions — before and after 1786. 

3) Expectations concerning the West. 

b. Measures for government of the West. 

1) Ordinance of 1784. Author, territory concerned, pro- 

visions concerning government. Proposal con- 

cerninc,- slavery. 

2) Ordinance of 1787. (Examine the Ordinance itself and 

compare provisions with summary in text- 
book. See also 343-4.) 

c. Land sales. 

1) Land Ordinance of 1785. 233, 342. 

a) Systems of surveys. 

b) Price and terms of sale. 

2) Sales to companies. 232, 342. 

a) Precedents. 

b) Chief sales. 

d. Settlement of the West. 233-235, 342. 

i. Failure of the Confederation in finance. 222-225. 

a. Sources of funds for expense of Revolution. The war debt. 

b. Revenue needs of Confederation. 

c. Revenue powers and resources of Congress. 

d. Nature of the army crisis of 1783. 

e. Attempts at amendment of revenue provisions of Articles. 

f. Lesson of these experiences. 

35 



Failure of the Confederation in commercial matters. 225-228. 

a. Gains and losses due to independence. 

b. Powers of Congress over commerce and treaties. Proposed 

amendment of 1784. 

c. Failure to secure a treaty with Spain. Effect on West. 263- 

264. 

d. Failure to secure a treaty with England. 

e. Adverse balance of trade, drainage of specie, use of bank 

paper. 

f. Lessons of these experiences. 

Failure of the Confederation to maintain social order. 235-236. 

a. Prevalence of democratic spirit; opposition to aristocracy. (See 

217-219, 228-231.) 

b. Popular grievances. 

c. Paper money excesses. 

d. Shay's rebellion. 

e. Lesson of these experiences. 

Growth of sentiment in favor of a stronger union. 240-242. 

a. Lessons taught by experience under Articles. 

b. Efforts of leaders: character of government desired. 

c. Potomac commerce and Mount Vernon conference. 

d. Annapolis Convention. 



97 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 327-337. 
Fish, 31-43. 
Hart, 121-135. 
West, 293-332. 

General Accounts: 

Beard, American Government and Politics, 34-59. 

Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 573-600. 

Johnson, Union and Democracy, 25-44. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 138-141. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 21-6^. 

Wilson, History of the American People, III, 66-98. 

Topical Readings: 

1. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution, 184-276. 
Fiske, Critical Period, 222-305. 

Channing, History of the United States, 111, 494-517. 
Gordy, Political History of the United States, I, 64-91. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 19S-232. 

2. McLaughlin, 277-317. 
Fiske. 306-350. 
Channing, III, 517-524. 
Gordy, I, 92-102. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 233-254. 



Additional Topics: 



Hamilton in the Constitutional Convention. 

Sumner, Alexander Hamilton, 126-143. 

Gordy, I, 103-117. 
Analysis of the Federalist Papers. 

Merriam, American Political Theories, 100-122. 



38 



VI. THE MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION (1787-1789). 

The Constitutional Convention. 242-247. 

a. Call of Congress and response. 

b. Chief members. 

c. Organization and procedure. Records. ' 

d. The new plans of union: 

1) Large state plan. 

a) Authorship. 

b) Chief features: bicameral legislature; proportional 

representation; three separate departments; 
enlarged powers. 

c) Action of Committee of the Whole. 

2) Small state plan. 

a) Circumstances which led to presentation to Conven- 

tion. 

b) Authorship. 

c) Chief features. (Distinguish essential difference be- 

tween this and the large state plan.) 

3) Other plans. 

4) Virginia plan made basis of further discussion. 

e. Differences and compromises. 

1) Question of representation. 

a) Vote concerning lower house. 

b) Contest over upper house: the crisis of the Conven- 

tion. 

c) The compromise: how worked out. Significance in 

later history. 

2) Question of taxation. 

a) Opposing views concerning count of slaves for rep- 

resentation and taxation. 

b) The compromise. 

3) Question of control of commerce. 

a) Objections to complete control by Congress. 

b) Compromise. 

f. Summary of new powers of general government under con- 

stitution: 

1) Financial. (See Constitution, Art. I, sec. 2, par. 3; sec. 8, 

par. 1; sec. 9, pars. 4, 5.) 

2) * Commercial. (Art. I, sec. 8, par. 3; sec. 9, pars 1, 5, 6.) 



39 



3 ) Coercive : 

a) In aid of states, (Art. I, sec. 8, par. 15; Art. IV, 

sec. 4.) 

b) In enforcement of U. S. law. (Art. I, sec. 8, par. 15; 

Art. VI, par 2.) 

g. Restrictions on states. (Art. I, sec. 10.) 

h. Probable sources of conflict between states and general gov- 
ernment. 254. 

2. The adoption of the Constitution. 247-250. 

a. Adjournment of the Convention. Steps necessary to make 

constitution binding. 

b. Division on issue of ratification. 

c. Attitude of small states. 

d. Salient features of the contest in Massachusetts, Virginia, and 

New York. 

e. Sum up policy by which the Antifederalist opposition was 

overcome. (See also 258.) 

f. The cases of North Carolina and Rhode Island. 



41 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 337-348. 
Fish, 44-57. 
Hart, 137-153. 
West, 333-351. 

General Accounts: 

Garner and Lodge, History of Uftited States, II, 601-632, 647-649. 

Johnson, Union and Democracy, 46-67. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 141-148. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 62-100, 123-125. 

Wilson, History of the American People, III, 98-128. 



Topical Readings : 



1. Bassett, Federalist System, 3-26. 

Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 20-31. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 257-262, 269-272. 

2. Bassett, 27-41. 

Gordy, Political History of United States, I, 118-150. 

Sumner, Alexander Hamilton, 144-183. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 255-257, 262-264, 276-281. 

3. Bassett, 101-116. 
Gordy, I, 201-214. 
Sumner, 191-199. 



42 



VII. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT (1789-1793). 

1. Transition from Confederation to Constitution. 256-259. 

a. Acts of old Congress in preparation for the new government. 

b. Beginning of the new Congress. 

1) Election of members. (Study provisions of constitution 

concerning choice of a) senators; b) repre- 
sentatives. Art. I, sec. 2, par. 1, and sec. 3, 
par. 1.) 

2) Assembling and organization of the two houses. 

3) The work to be done. 

c. Organization of the executive. 

1) The electoral system. 

a) Constitutional provisions (Art. II, sec. 1). 

b) First election. 

2) Administrative departments. 

a) Creation of the first departments. 

b) Appointments; how made; persons chosen. 

c) The "Cabinet." 

d) Question of removals. 

d. Organization of the judiciary. 

1) Controversy over inferior courts. 

2) Judiciary act of 1789. 

2. Establishment of the national credit. 

a. First revenue measure. 257, 

b. Hamilton's financial system. 259-261. 

1) Public debt. (Hamilton's views concerning debt.) 

a) Refunding scheme. Contest in Congress. 

b) Assumption. Reasons for and against. How carried. 

2) United States Bank. Relation to government. Features 

of plan. Why desired, and why opposed. 
Washington's decision. 

3) Excise. Hamilton's purpose. 

4) Report on manufactures. 

3. Vindication of the national authority. Whiskey Insurrection. 267- 

269. 

a. Unpopularity of excise in West. 

b. Outbreaks of 1794. 

c. Measures taken by federal government. 

d. Significance of the incident. 

43 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 348-374. 
Fish, 59-85. 
Hart, 155-175. 
West, 351-377. 

General Accounts: 

Garner and Lodge, History of United States II, 632-645, 649-675. 

Johnson, Union and Democracy, 68-122. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 148-180. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 100-123, 125-167. 

Wilson, History of the American People, III, 128-162. 



Topical Readings : 



1. Woodburn, Political Parties and Party Problems, 3-30. 
Johnston, American Political History (Woodburn edition), 203-233. 
Bassett, Federalist System, 42-55. 

■Gordy, Political History of United States, I, 132-158. 
Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 32-41. 

2. Bassett, 56-100, 117-135. 
Gordy, I, 176-200, 215-284. 

Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 136-176. 

8. Stanwood, I, 42-53. 
Bassett, 142-149. 

4. Gordy, I, 285-312, 343-365. 
Bassett, 204-251. 

Foster. 176-181. 

Hart, American History bji Contemporaries, III, 322-326. 

5. Gordy, I, 313-343, 365-382. 
Bassett, 252-296. 
Stanwood, I, 54-73. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 329-331, 33.3-336. 

44 



VIII. PERIOD OF DOMINANT FOREIGN RELATIONS (1793-1815). 
A. FEDERALIST SUPREMACY. 

1. Rise of parties. (Find the facts for this topic on 259, 261, 269-271). 

a. Origin of parties under the constitution. 

b. Leaders and adherents of each. 

c. Principles, especially constitutional interpretation. The bank 

opinions. 

d. Washington's re-election. 

e. Attitude towards England and France. 

2. Foreign relations under Washington. 

a. France. 266-267. 

1) European situation, 1789-1793. 

2) The treaty of 1778 and the neutrality proclamation of 

1793. 

3) The Genet episode. 

a) His acts before reaching Philadelphia. 

b) His conduct towards the President. 

c) Dispute over privateers and prizes. 

d) Affair of the Little Sarah. 

b. England. 261-263, 271-273. 

1) Points in dispute prior to 1793. 

2) England and the northwest Indians. Indian war and 

Treaty of Greenville (1795). 

3) New matters of dispute: rights of neutrals during Euro- 

pean wars. 

4) Party disputes over measures, of retaliation. 

5) Settlement with England, 1795. 

a) Jay's mission and treaty. Compare provisions of 

treaty with the points in dispute. 

b) Reception of treaty by people, Senate, and House. 

c. Spain. 263-266. 

1) Points in dispute during Washington's presidency. 

2) Spain's policy of intrigue: 

a) With Kentucky and Tennessee. How counteracted. 

b) With grantees of Georgia. How counteracted. 

c) With Indians. How counteracted. 

3) Pinckney's mission and treaty, 1795. Why did Spain make 

treaty ? Terms. 

45 



Additional Topics: 



Place of Hamilton in History. 

Fiske, Essays Historical and Literary, I, 101-142. 
Place of Gouverneur Morris in History. 

Lodge, Historical and Political Essays, 75-113. 



46 



3. Party system and presidential election of 17S6. 273, 274, 276. 

a. Candidates of 1796. 

b. Hamilton's influence in this election. 

c. The odd result. Explain. 

d. Washington's Farev/ell Address. 

e. Adams' efforts to secure harmony. 

f. Character of political discussions. 

4. Relations with France under Adams. 277-282. 

a. Monroe's Mission. Conduct and recall. 

b. Pinckney's rebuff. Effects in United States. 

c. French seizures of ships of United States. 

d. Adams' pacific measures. 

e. X. Y. Z. affair. 

f. Action of United States and naval hostilities. 

g. The treaty of 1800. 

1) U. S. was relea'sed from Treaty of Alliance of 1778. 

2) France was released from payment for seizures of Amer- 

ican vessels. 

5. Party contests under Adams. 283-290. 

a. Federalist measures against their critics. 

1) Purpose and provisions of each. 

2) How far enforced. 

b. Republican opposition. 

1) Grounds for dislike of administration measures. 

2) Proposed remedies. 

3) Constitutional doctrines of Virginia and Kentucky Reso- 

lutions: 

a) Compact theory of the constitution. 

b) Who to judge of infractions of the constitution? 

c) How to remedy infractions. 

4) Main purpose of the Resolutions. 

5) Replies of the other states. 

6) Relation to nullification. 

c. Republican triumph of 1800. 

1) Conditions in Federalist party. 

2) Republican candidates and arguments. 

3) Methods of nomination. Party discipline. 

4) Republican use of Federalist dissensions. 

5) The vote. Compare result of election in 1796 and the 

purpose of the Twelfth Amendment. 

6) The house election, 1801. 



47 



REFERENCES 
Other Texts: 

Elson, 376-448. 
Fish, 86-126. 
Hart, 177-222. 
West, 378-435. 

General Accounts : 

Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 676-763. 

Johnson, Union and Democracy, 123-230. 

Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 180-248. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 168-240. • 

Wilson, History of American People, III, 163-229. 



Topical Readings: 



1. Adams, History of United States, I, 185-217, 247-306; II, 135-159, 218- 
244. 
Gordy, Political History of United States, I, 383-420, 439-459. 
Channing, Jeffersonian System, 3-35, 111-125. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 344-351. 

2a. Channing, 36-46. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 351-355. 

2b. Napoleon's Plans and Treaty of Cession. 
Adams, I, 352-446; II, 25-50. 
Channing, 55-85. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 363-372. 

Constitutional Phases. 
Adams, II, 74-134. 
Gordy, I, 421-438. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 373-380. 

IVest Florida Controversy. 
Channing, 140-154. 
Gordy, I, 460-478. 

Burr Conspiracy. 
Channing, 155-169. 

Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, 282-307. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 363-372. 

48 



B. REPUBLICAN SUPREMACY. 

1. Republican views and policies. 291-295. 

a. The simplicity of the President, 

b. Fundamental principles of Democracy as given in the in- 

augural. 

c. Desire to conciliate the Federalists. 

d. Cabinet. 

e. Principles governing removals and appointments. 

f. Gallatin's financial policy: 

1) Contrast between Republican and Federalist views con- 

cerning public debt. 294. 

2) Republican retrenchment and effect on army and navy. 

3) Success of Gallatin's policy. 

g. Republicans and the judiciary. 291, 294, 357-358. 

1) Judiciary act of 1801 and its repeal. 

2) Assertion by Supreme Court of right to interpret con- 

stitution. (Marbury v. Madison.) 

3) The impeachment cases. (Purpose of Republicans?) 

2. Foreign affairs during Jefferson's first term. 

a. War vdth Tripoli. 295-296. 

1) Character of the Barbary states. Our policy to 1800. 

2) Tripolitan declaration of war. 

3) The war. Significance. 

b. Purchase of Louisiana. 296-300. 

1) American interest in the Mississippi basin. 

2) Retrocession of Louisiana to France and withdrawal of 

the right of deposit. 

3) Jefferson's threat. (What would possession of Louisiana 

by France mean for the United States?) 

4) Livingston's instructions. Purpose of Monroe's mission. 

5) Napoleon's plans; and failure, due to troubles in San 

Domingo and renewal of war with England. 

6) The treaty. 

7) Jefferson's hesitation. 

8) Boundary dispute with Spain. Jefferson's West Florida 

policy. 299-300, 302-303. 

9) Party contest over the purchase: 300-301, 303-306. 

a) Federalist opposition. 

b) Secession project. 

c) Burr's intrigues, conspiracy, and trial. 

49 



2c. Channing, 86-99. 

Roosevelt, IV, 308-343. 

3. Adams, I, 218-246, 307-333. 

Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 74-96. 
Channing, 126-139. 
Gordy, I, 479-494. 

4d. Channing, 169-255. 

Gordy, I, 495-598; II, 9-165. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 395-409. 

5a. Gordy, II, 166-226. 

Channing, 256-269; and Babcock, Rise of Arnerican Nationality, 37-83. 
Hart, Contemporaries, HI, 417-420. 

5c. d. e. f. 

Babcock, 84-149. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 414-417, 422-425. 

5g. Babcock, 168-20r 

Hart, Contemporaries, III. 426-433. 

5h. Babcock, 150-167. 

Gordy, II, 277-324. 

Hart, Contemporaries, HI, 410-414. 



Additional Topics : 



Political Theories of Thomas Jefferson. . 

Merriam^ American Political Theories, 142-175. 

Place of Jefferson in History. 

Fiske, Essays Historical and Literary, 145-181. 
Trent, Southern Statesmen of the Old Regime, 49- 



50 



c. Exploration of Louisiana and the Far West. 355-o57. 

1) First interest in and knowledge of the Far West. 

2) The Lewis and Clarke expedition. 

3) Pike's expeditions. 

Jefferson's domination of the Republican party. 300-303. 

a. Jefferson's popularity. 

b. The crushing of Burr. 

c. Re-election, 1804. 

d. Opposition of Randolph. Causes. Outcome. 

e. Rivalry for the succession. Election of Madison, 1808. 303 

and 311. 

Neutral rights during the Napoleonic Wars, 1805-1812. 306-17. 

a. European situation. Growth of American neutral commerce. 

b. Offensive British practices. (Compare with war period be- 

ginning 1793.) 

1) Impressments. 

2) Rule of 1756 and its interpretation. 

a) Decision in case of the Polly, 1800. 

b) Decision in case of the Essex, 1805. (What influ- 

ences were behind this decision?) 

3) The "Paper" blockade. Fox's blockade. Intent. (Why 

objectionable ? ) 

c. The war of decrees and orders. 

1) Berlin decree of Napoleon, 1807. (Note extension of pa- 

per blockade.) 

2) First and Second Orders in Council. 

3) Milan decree, 1807. 

4) Determine to what extent neutral commerce was possible 

under these restrictions. 

d. American policy of commercial coercion. 

1) Jefferson's efforts to defend neutral rights. His views. 

a) Non-Importation Act and treaty negotiations of 1806. 

b) Embargo. 

(1) Leopard-Chesapeake affair and crisis of 1807. 

314-315. 

(2) Provisions of the embargo. 310. 

(3) Effects, economic and political. 

(4) Evasions and measures to enforce. 

(5) Failure. 

2) Madison's continuation of the Jeffersonian policy: 

a) Non-Intercourse Law, 1809. 

b) Macon's Bill No. 2, 1810. 

c) Missions of Rose, Erskine and Jackson. 315-316. 

d) Crafty policy of Napoleon: 

(1) Bayonne and Rambouillet decrees. 

(2) Deception of Madison. 

51 



5. The War of 1812-1815. 



Rise of the War Party. 317-319. 

1) Affair of the President and Little Belt, 1811. 

2) Indian troubles on frontier and attitude of Canada. 

3) Congressional election of 1810. Meaning and results. 

4) The new leaders. 

5) Madison and the "War Hawks." His re-election, 1812. 

The break with England. 319-321. 

1) Belated British efforts for peace. 

2) The declaration of war. 

3) American unpreparedness for war: 

a) Federalist opposition. 

b) Weakness of administration, army and navy. (See 

also 326.) 

c) Financial situation, and expiration of charter of U. 

S. Bank. 

4) War plans of the belligerents. 

Campaign of 1812. 321-323. (Note only the leading events 
and movements in this and all other cam- 
paigns. See maps on pp. 322 and 329.) 

1) Tripleheaded American attack on Canada. 

a) By way of Detroit. 

b) On the Niagara frontier: Toronto (York) burnt. 

c) From Lake Champlain. 

2) Net results. 

Campaign of 1813. 323-324. 

1) Second American attempt to invade Cahada. 

a) At western end of Lake Erie, under Perry and 

Harrison. 

b) On the Niagara frontier: Toronto (York) burnt. 

c) At other New York points. 

2) Net results. 

Campaign of 1814. 324-325, 332-333. 

1) Last American attempt on Canada: Brown at Niagara 

frontier. 

2) Napoleon's abdication (April). (Why important?) 

3) British plans for invasion of United States. (Note points 

of attack and degree of success at each.) 

Naval warfare (1812-1814). 326-329. 

1) Successful naval duels, 1812-1813. 

2) American successes checked and coast blockaded, 1813- 

1814. 

3) Success of American privateers. 

53 



Peace negotiations. 333-335. 

1) Early overtures. 

2) The commissioners. 

3) Demands of each country. ■ 

4) Terms of the treaty of Ghent. (Was the war a victory 

or a defeat for the United States ? ) 

New England discontent. .335-338. 

1) Federalist disaffection prior to the war: 

a) Reasons, commercial and political. 

b) Evidences of discontent, 1803-1812. 

2) Opposition to the war: 

a) Criticism of the war. 

b) Attitude toward government loans. 

c) Militia controversy. 

d) Hartford Convention, Dec, 1814. 

(1) How and why called; states represented. 

(2) Temper of the Convention. 

(3) Address issued by Convention: proposed amend- 

ments. (Account for changes desired.) 

(4) Call for a second convention if grievances not 

redressed in six months. 

(5) Effect of Convention on Federalist party. 

3) Compare the Federalist party in 1814 with the Republi- 

can party in 1798-1799. 



i^b 



REFERENCES 



Other Texts: 



Elson, 451-476. 
Fish, 128-182. 
Hart, 222-262. 
West, 436-469. 



General Accounts : 



Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 764-829. 

Johnson, Union and Democracy, 230-345. 

MacDonald, From Jefferson to Lincoln, 7-43. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 250-273; and Burgess, Middle Period, 1-165. 

Wilson, History of American People, III, 233-291. 



Topical Readings : 

la. Gordy, Political History of United States, II, 325-340. 

lb. Second United States Bank. 

Babcock, Rise of American Nationality, 216-230. 

Gordy. II. 341-358. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 441-445. 

Tariff of 1816. 
Babcock, 231-242. 
Hart, Contemporaries, HI, 434-436. 

Internal Improvements. 

Babcock. 243-258; and Turner, Rise of New West, 224-235. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 436-440. 

Supreme Court Decisions. 
Babcock, 290-308. 
Hart. Contemporaries, III, 446-450. 

2. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 106-124. 
Babcock, 202-215. 

3. Turner, 67-110. 

Hart, Contemporaries, III, 459-478. 

4a. Hoist, Constitutional History of United States, I, 277-288. 

56 



IX. PERIOD OF DOMINANT NATIONALISM AND DOMESTIC 
ISSUES (1815-1829). 

1. The new era and its problems. 

a. In what sense a new period. 363. 

b. Nationalistic tendencies of the period: 

1) Provision for national defense. 338, 363. 

2) Second U. S. Bank. 363-364. 

a) Review of currency history. 348. 

b) Reasons for Second U. S. Bank. 

c) Author of bill; terms of charter; beneficial effects of 

bank. 

3) Tariff and protection. 348-349, 364. 

a) Tariff rates and purpose, 1789-1812. 

b) Rise of manufactures and situation at close of war. 

348-349. 

c) Reasons for the protection of "Home Industries." 

d) The Tariff of 1816. Purpose, friends, and opponents. 

4) Internal improvements. 365-366. 

a) Need of better roads and canals. 

b) The constitutional aspects. 

c) Previous history of question, 

d) Bonus Bill, 1817: terms and author. 

e) Attitude of President. 

f ) Measures taken by states. 

5) Impetus to nationalism by supreme court decisions. 357- 

360. 

a) Two views of the function of the supreme court. 

b) John Marshall. 

c) Great cases, 1793-1825. 

2. Party politics. 1816-1820. 366-368. 

a. Election of 1816: 

1) Monroe's Republican friends and opponents. 

2) Situation of the Federalists: account for it. 

b. Monroe's cabinet. 

c. Opposition: grounds and leader. 

d. Election of 1820: 

1) Monroe as a harmonizer. 

2) Impending rivalries. 

57 



4b. Hoist, I, 28S-301. 

Bassett, Federalist System, 178-189. 

4c. Hoist, 1, 302-339. 
Gordy, II, 390-406. 
Channing, Jeffersonian System, 100-110. 

4d. Hoist, I, 340-381. 
Turner. 149-171. 
Gordy, II, 407-414. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 462-458. 

5a. Babcock, 271-289. 
Gordy, II, 359-389. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 481-487. 

5b. Turner, 199-223. 
Gordy, II, 484-496. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 479-480, 487-508. 

6. Stanwood, 1, 125-141. 
Turner, 245-264. 
Gordy, II, 511-535. 

7. Turner, 265-285. 
Gordy, II, 536-560. 

8. Turner, 236-244, 299-332. 
Gordy, II, 497-510. 

9. Stanwood, I, 142-150. 
Gordy, II, 561-581. 



58 



3. The westward movenienl. 341-346. 

a. Progress of settlement in the West. 

1) Region sought by early settlers. 

2) Sources of immigration and routes to the West. 

3) Divergence of ideals' in West. 

b. Influence of the public land policy, 

1) Beginnings of settlement in Ohio. 

2) Changes in the land policy, 1800, 1820, 1841, 1862, and 

effects on settlement. 

c. Government of the West. (Especially south of Ohio River.) 

d. Growth of the West as shown by the creation of new terri- 

tories and states. 

e. Relation of the settlement of the West to the development of 

American agriculture. Influence of conditions 
in Europe. 

f. Spread of cotton culture and effects: 

1) Influence of cotton gin, English factory system, and 

cheap land. 

2) Resultant labor system. 

4. Slavery and the Missouri controversy. 

a. Slavery in the revolutionary period. 350. 

1) Universality. 

2) Colonial opposition. 

3) Early restrictions on slave trade. 

b. Early emancipation movement. 350-351. 

1) Three methods of emancipation; examples of each; re- 

gion affected. 

2) The South and the problem of emancipation. 

3) Effect of the spread of cotton culture on Southern opinion 

concerning slavery. 

4) Slavery in territories east of the Mississippi, 

c. The slavery question in Congress. 351-352. 

1) First Congress: petitions and resolutions. 

2) Fugitive slave law 1793. Provisions. Abuse. 

3) Revival of slave importation in South. 

4), Prohibition of slave trade after 1808. Provisions of act. 

d. The Missouri Question. 371-374. (See readings.) 

1) Increase of population and demand for statehood. 

2) The Tallmadge amendment. Provisions. Sectional rea- 

sons for and against. 

3) Maine-Missouri bill; Thomas amendment; compromise of 

1820. (Which side won the advantage? 
Portent?) 

4) Clay and the second corjipromise. 

59 



5. Foreign relations under Monroe. 

a. The acquisition of Florida. 368-371. 

1) Early phases of the question. 

2) Jackson's invasion and consequences: 

a) International complications. 

b) Effect on Jackson's popularity. 

c) Florida treaty. Terms. (For boundaries see map, 

792.) 

b. The Monroe Doctrine. 375-377. (See readings.) 

1) Revolt of Spanish America. (1810-1822.) 

2) Clay's advocacy of recognition. (Review 367-368.) 

3) The administration's delay and final recognition, 1822. 

4) Policy of the Holy Alliance. 

5) England's interest and Canning's proposal. 

6) Designs of Russia and England in North America. 

7) Views of J. Q. Adams. 

8) Monroe's message. Analysis of the doctrine. Results. 

6. The presidential election of 1824. 377-381. 

a. The rival candidates and their claims. 

b. The narrowing down of the contest. 

c. Methods of nomination. 

d. Electoral vote. (Constitutional procedure when no majority 

in electoral vote.) 
6. Clay's influence and final outcome of the election. 

7. Emergence of new parties. 382-384. 

a. Adams-Clay coalition. (Was it a natural alliance?) 

b. Organization of the rival faction. 

1) The Jackson-Calhoun group. 

2) Adams' message: effect on Crawford group. 

3) Relations of Jackson and Calhoun. Van Buren's opportu- 

nity. 

c. Attacks upon the President. (See also 389.) 

1) Bribery and corruption charge. 

2) Political manipulation of Panama Congress. 

3) Criticisms of the first message of Adams. 

4) Criticism of appointments. 

8. The tariff and sectionalism. 384-388. 

a. Prosperity of sections compared and explained. 

b. Sectional views of the effect of the tariff. Clay's "American 

system" argument. 

c. Tariff legislation to 1828: 

1) Demand for higher protection and bill of 1820. (Note sec- 
tional distribution of votes.) 

61 



2) Act of 1824. 

3) The protective agitation of 1827. 

4) "The Tariff of Abominations." Political and economic 

character. 

5) Change of attitude of Calhoun and Webster, 1816-1828. 

(Account for it in each case.) 

d. Rise of Southern opposition to the tariff. 

1) Leadership of South Carolina. 

2) Working out the theory of nullification: 

a) Calhoun's position. 

b) Analysis of the Exposition of 1828. 

3) Reasons for not trying nullification in 1828. 

9. The presidential election of 1828. 

a. Campaign arguments. (Determine real issues.) 

b. Alignment of voters. Outcome. 



63 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 478-508, 513-516. 

Fish, 184-260. 

West, 470-532. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 1-115, 133-141. 

General Accounts : 

Dodd, Expansion and Conflict, 1-118. 
MacDonald, From Jefferson to Lincoln, 44-62. 
Wilson, History of American People, IV, 1-100. 

Topical Readings : 

1. Fiske, Essays Historical and Literary, I, 221-264. 
Fiske, I, 267-313. 

Garner and Lodge, History of U. S., II, 830-852. 
MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 3-42, 54-66, 256-75. 
Merriam, American Political Theories, 176-202. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 531-560. 

2a. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 43-54. 

2b. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 134-147. 

2c. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 169-182. 
Burgess, Middle Period, 210-220. 

2d. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 67-111, 14S-16S. 
Burgess, 166-189, 220-241. 
Garner and Lodge, II, 852-866. 

2e. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 112-133, 218-239. 
Burgess, 190-209. 
Garner and Lodge, II, 866-882. 

2f. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 200-217. 

Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 273-279. 

3a. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 183-199. 
Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 151-165. 

64 



X. PERIOD OF PARTY DEVELOPMENT AND SECTIONAL CON- 
TROVERSY (1829-1844). 

1. Democracy and its methods. 

a. Underlying causes of Jackson's election. 

1) Growth of the West. (For example, note 344-345.) 

2) Extension of the suffrage. 472-6. (Account for unusual 

character of inauguration. 392.) 

b. New practices: "Spoils System." (Formulate a definition of 

"Spoils System.") 393. 

1) Sources of practices adopted. 

2) Jackson's view of rotation in office. (Criticise. Consider 

part system would play in future party con- 
tests.) 

c. New practices: Conventions and platforms (1832). 403-4. 

2. Problems of Jackson's presidency. 

a. Cabinet. 392-4. 

1) Factional influences affecting composition. 

2) "Kitchen Cabinet" and significance. 

3) Eaton affair and significance. 

b. Internal improvements. 394-6. 

1) Calhoun's earlier championship. 

2) Jackson's views and Van Buren's influence. 

3) Constitutional and political grounds for Maysville Road 

veto ; consequences. 

c. Georgia Indian question. 400. 

1) Agreement of 1802. 

2) Issue between Georgia and Indians, 1825-33. 

3) Supreme Court decisions. 

4) Jackson's attitude. 

5) Removal of Southern tribes across Mississippi. 466-8. 

d. Nullification contest. 

1) Webster-Hayne debate (1830). 396-9. 

a) Gist of Foote resolution and attitude of West and 

South. (How did nullification theory become 
involved in the debate?) 

b) Review Exposition of 1828 (387-8) and summarize 

constitutional arguments of Hayne and Web- 
ster. 

2) Division of Democratic party, 1830-1831. 399-403. 

a) Jefferson birthday toasts. 

b) Quarrel of Jackson and Calhoun. 

65 



3c MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 292-315. 
Stanwood, I, 178-189. 

4a. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 253-255, 276-291. 
Burgess, 278-288. 

4b,c. Garner and Lodge, II, 883-892. 

Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 296-308. 

5a. Garner and Lodge, III, 893-902. 

Garrison, Westward Extension, 43-50. 
Stanwood, I, 190-205. 

5b. Fiske, I, 317-361. 

6arner and Lodge, III, 902-912. 
Garrison, 61-66, 174-187. 

5c. Garrison, 67-84. 



66 



c) Reorganization of cabinet. 

d) Nomination of Van Buren for vice presidency. 

3) Attempt at nullification, 1832. 407-9. 

a) Calhoun's leadership and papers explaining nullifi- 

cation. 

b) Nullification ordinance. (Note provisions and de- 

termine why passed by a convention.) 

c) Acts of S. C. legislature. 

d) Jackson's measures and proclamation. "Force Bill." 

4) Compromise, 1833. 409-10. 

a) Plan of Van Buren faction: Verplanck bill. 

b) Attitude of other Southern states. 

c) Effect of a) and b) on South Carolina. 

d) Clay's part as "Pacificator." Terms of compromise. 

(Which side gained?) 

e. United States Bank. 411-415. 

1) Bank situation at Jackson's election: Jackson's views and 

Biddle's plans. 

2) Jackson's plans as shov/n by first and second messages. 

3) Recharter issue in campaign of 1832: 

a) Biddle's reasons for seeking recharter. 

b) Veto message; significance. 

c) Effect of re-election on Jackson. 

4) Removal of deposits. (Note why and how done.) 

5) Senate resolutions on Jackson's conduct. 

f. Foreign relations. 415-422. 

1) England and West India trade. (Determine status of 

our trade with British West Indies to 1825, re- 
calling rejected article of Jay's treaty.) 

a) British concessions of 1825 and reasons therefor. 

b) Procedure of Jackson and his success. 

2) France and spoliation claims: 

a) Origin of claims. 

b) Agreement of 1831 and Jackson's measures to se- 

cure fulfillment. 

3) Mexico and Texas question. (See 448 for map.) 

a) Early Texas: form of government; source of popula- 

tion; Mexican measures against immigration 
and slavery. 

b) Texas Revolution, 1835-1836. 

(1) Immediate cause — Santa Anna's centralist revo- 

lution. 

(2) Early reverses. The Alamo and San Jacinto. 

c) Attitude of U. S. 

(1) Early efforts to buy Texas. 

(2) Sympathy with the Revolution. 

(3) Sentiment for and against annexation. 

(4) Recognition. 

67 



3. Party development under Jackson. 

a. Presidential campaign of 1832. 403-5. 

1) Formation of National Republican party. 

a) Relation to administration party under Adams. 

b) Effect of Jackson's measures on National Republi- 

cans. 

2) Anti-Masonic party. (Why memorable?) 

3) Campaign. Triumph of Jackson. 

b. Rise of Whig Party. 

(About 1838, the opposition began to refer to the President as "King" 
Jackson, because of his vigorous measures; hence the opposition became 
known as the "Whig" Party. The Whigs absorbed the National Republi- 
cans, the Anti— Masons, and most of the nullifiers. Note the incongruity of 
these elements; the result will appear in Tyler's administration. Note 
Whig plan in campaien of 1836. 425.) 

c. Progress of Democratic party. (Note effects of contests of 

Jackson's terms in harmonizing party by 
removing discordant elements. Contrast Demo- 
crats with Whigs in this respect.) 

1) Campaign of 1836. (Note dominance of Jackson.) 425-6. 

2) Summarize what Jacksonian Democracy stood for. 

4. Financial questions (1833-1840). 

a. Revenue and currency under Jackson. 422-5. 

1) Payment of national debt. 

2) The surplus: cause; distribution act. 

3) "Pet" banks. 

4) Efforts on behalf of hard monejr. 

a) Attempts to force specie into circulation. 

b) Specie circular. 

b. Panic of 1837: causes. 432. 

1) Fundamental: over-speculation in promoting development 

of country. 

2) Contributory: inflation of currency by bank paper; specie 

circular; government deposits in state banks; 
distribution of surplus. 

c. Policy of Van Buren administration. 433. 

1) Borrowing. 

2) Insistence on specie circular. 

3) Independent treasury plan and contest for adoption. 

5. Tyler and the Clay Whigs. 

a. Presidential election of 1840. 433-35. 

1) Candidate and platform of Democrats. 

2) Question of Whig candidate. (Why no platform?) 

3) Triumph of Whigs. (Account for it.) 

69 



4) Death of Harrison. 

b. Bank quarrel. 435-6. 

1) Tyler's views vs. Clay's program. 

2) Bank contest and split in party. Tyler's hope of creating 

. a new party. 

3) Fate of remainder of Clay program. Relation of distri- 

bution act and tariff. 

c. Maine boundary settlement. 437-8. 



71 



REFERENCES 
Other Texts: 

Elson, 509-513, 516-614. 

Fish, 260-359. 

West, 533-586. 

Wilson, 116-132, 141-210. 

Genera] Accounts: ^ 

Dodd, Expansion and Conflict, 118-266. 
MacDonald, From Jefferson to Lincoln, 63-250. 
Wilson, History of American People, IV, 100-199. 

Topical Readings: 

la. Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 49-135. 

Garner and Lodsre. History of United States, III. 981-995. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 574-594. 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 59-79. 

lb. Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 136-214, 242-275. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 955-980. 
Merriam, American Political Theories, 203-251. 
Burgess, Middle Period, 242-277. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 595-636. 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 80-96. 

2a. Texas Annexation. 

Garrison, Westward Extension, 85-156. 
Burgess, Middle Period, 289-310, 318-324. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 912-924. 
Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 206-225. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, 637-655. 

Oregon. 

Garrison, 157-173. 

Garner and Lodge, III, 925-931. 

Burgess, Middle Period, 311-317, 324-26 

Mexican War. 

Garrison, 188-253. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 931-954. 
Burgess, Middle Period, 327-339. 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 11-34. 

72 



XI. THE STRUGGLE OVER EXTENSION OF SLAVERY (1844-1860). 

1. Divergence of North and South over slavery. 

a. Status of slavery in South. 468-71. 

1) Slaveholders and "poor v^rhites." 

2) Treatment of slaves. 

b. Anti-slavery movement. 428-31. 

1) Characteristics before and after 1830. 

2) Effects of agitation on South. 

3) Attempts to check agitation. 

a) Use of the mails. 

b) Right of petition. 

4) Effect of anti-slavery on churches. 471-2. 

2. Contest over slavery in acquired territories. 

a. Territorial expansion: 

1) Annexation of Texas. 438-9, 441-4. 

a) Tyler's reasons for reviving project. 

b) Negotiations, treaty provisions, and steps taken to 

insure ratification. 

c) View^s of Van Buren and Clay, and action of nominat- 

ing conventions of 1844. 441-3. 

d) Rejection of Tyler's treaty. (Account for it, in light 

of what conventions had done.) 439. 

e) Influence of Texas question and Liberty party in 

election of 1844. 

f) Annexation accomplished: 

(1) Bearing of election on question. 

(2) Method urged by Tyler. Advantages. Terms 

offered to Texas. 

(3) Tyler's timely action; decision of Texas. 

2) Acquisition of Oregon. 440-1, 445. 

a) Early claims and relinquishments. 

b) Joint occupation agreements and proposed boundaries. 

c) Traders vs. settlers. 

d) Oregon as an issue in 1844. 

e) Polk's course, England's concession, and treaty of 

1846. 

3) Mexican War and results. 446-450. 
a) Preliminary diplomacy. 

(1) Questions at issue. 

(2) Slidell's mission and failure. 

(3) Significance of Taylor's advance to Rio Grande. 

78 



2b. Garrison, 254-284, 294-332. 

Burgess, Middle Period, 340-364. 
Garner and Lodge III, 996-1027. 
Stanwood, I, 226-243. 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 35-58. 

4a. Smith, Parties and Slavery, 3-39. 
Burgess, Middle Period. 365-379. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1027-1039. 
Stanwood, I, 244-257. 

4b. Smith, 40-58, 75-108. 

Burgess, Middle Period, 380-406. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1040-1062. 

5. Burgess, Middle Period, 407-48, 460-474. 
Smith, 121-135, 149-160, 209-227. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1072-1080 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 104-121. 

0. Smith, 109-120, 130-148, 161-173. 

Garner and Lodge, III, 1062-72, 1080-86, 1094-97. 

Stanwood, I, 258-278. 

Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 100-104. 

7a. Burgess, Middle Period, 449-459. 
Smith, 190-208. 

Garner and Lodge, III, 1087-1093. 
Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 122-135. 

7b. Garner and Lodge, III, 1097-1108. 

Chadwick, Causes of Civil War, 90-108. 

Smith, 227-235. 

Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 136-144. 

7c. Chadwick, 67-89. 

Garner and Lodge, III, 1108-1115. 

Burgess, Civil War and Constitution, I, 28-44. 

Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 144-150. 

7d. Chadwick, 109-135. 

Burgess, Civil War and Constitution, I, 1-27, 45-73. 

Stanwood, I, 279-297. 

Garner and Lodge, III, 1115-1126. 

Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 151-163. 



74 



b) War. 

(1) Beginning of hostilities and declaration. 

(2) Three-fold movement of U. S. troops. 

c) Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. 

(1) Circumstances under which signed. 

(2) Terms of treaty. 

b. Slavery issue raised and compromised. 450-458. 

Wilmot proviso: terms, attitude of sections and parties, 
and vote in Congress. 

Parties in election of 1848. Position of each on slavery. 
Rise of Free Soil party. Significance of Tay- 
lor's election. 

Oregon controversy. Compare Calhoun's view with Wil- 
mot Proviso. Outcome. 

4) Situation in California. 480-482. 

5) Character of session of Congress, 1848-9. Critical situa- 
tion at close. 453. 

Compromise proposals. (Distinguish four programs thus 
far proposed for settlement of slavery ques- 
tion in territories.) 

7) Clay's plan and purpose. 

8) Debate on Clay's proposals: arguments of Clay, Cal- 
houn, and Webster. 

Compromise as passed, 1850. (Examine in readings. 
Wherein lay the weakness of the compromise?) 
10) Attitude of the South toward compromise. 



3. Economic and social development. 

a. Tariff history, 1846-1861. 445, 483. 

b. Immigration, growth of West, and improvements in transpor- 

tation facilities. 461-465. 

c. Progress of education. 476-480. 

4. Re-opening of the slavery controversy. 485-489. 

a. Effort to make Compromise of 1850 permanent, 

1) "Finality" resolutions. 

2) Candidates and election of 1852. 

b. Slavery contest renewed. 

1) New leaders in control. 488. 

2) Pierce's cabinet appointments. 486. 

3) Inaugural address. 

4) Northern hostility to Fugitive Slave Law. 

5) Repeal of the Missouri Compromise. 486-489. 

a) Status of Nebraska before 1854. 

b) Atchison's change of view. 

c) Kansas-Nebraska Act. (Examine in readings.) 
(1) Douglas' bill: popular sovereignty. 



75 



(2) Motives of Douglas. 

(3) Terms of act as passed. (Why were two terri- 

tories formed?) 

(4) Relation to Cornpromises of 1820 and 1850. 

5. Popular sovereignty in practice (1855-1861). 489-493. 

a. Sectional efforts to control action of Kansas. 

1) Organized immigration from the North. 

2) Tactics of the Missourians. 

3) Rival settlements and territorial governments. 

b. Interference of the federal government. 

1) Proper course of federal government? 

2) Action of President Pierce. 

3) Kansas question before Congress. Assault on Sumner 

and its effects. 

c. Outbreak of violence in Kansas (1856-1857). 

1) Plunder of Lawrence. 

2) John Brovni's bloody revenge. 

3) General guerrilla warfare. 

4) Temporary subsidence of strife. 

d. Efforts under Buchanan to admit Kansas as slave state. 

1) Formation of Lecompton Constitution. (Account for ac- 

tion and attitude of anti-slavery people.) 

2) Rejection of Lecompton Constitution by Congress. (Ex- 

plain Douglas' opposition.) 

3) "English Bill" and its rejection by Kansas. 

4) Significance to South of Kansas struggle. 

5) Final admission of Kansas (1861). 

6. Effect of slavery issue on political parties (1850-6). 493-7. 

a. Anti-Nebraska Democrats. 488. 

b. Decline of Whig party. 493, 495. 

c. Rise of Know Nothing party. (Review 462-463.) 

1) Principles; relation to existing parties. 

2) Success and decline, reasons for both. 

d. Birth of Republican party. 

1) Origin; spread; sources of strength. 

2) Leading principle of party. , 

3) Coalition with Whigs in N. Y. and Mass. 

e. Presidential election of 1856. 

1) Candidates, parties and public opinion. 

2) Principal issue; results of election. 

3) Chief campaign literature. 

77 



7. Widening of breach between North and South (1857-1860). 

a. Judicial attempt to solve question of slavery in territories. 

497-499. 

1) Facts of Dred Scott case. 

2) Points before the court. 

3) Taney's decision. 

4) Objections of anti-slavery people. 

a) Curtis' minority opinion. 

b) Charge of obiter dictum. 

b. Increasing strength of Republicans. 

1) Effect of panic of 1857. 499. (See also 482-83.) 

2) Lincoln-Douglas debates. 499-502. 

a) Douglas' chances for 1860. 

b) Reason for debates. 

c) "House-divided" speech. 

d) "Freeport Doctrine" and its effects. 

3) Republican successes in 1858. 

4) "Impending Crisis" and speakership contest. 504-5. 

c. The John Brown raid. 502-504. 

1) Character of John Brown; his plans, preparations, failure 

and death. (Map on 550.) 

2) Effects on North and South. (What is your own opinion 

of his exploit?) 

d. Triumph of the "Black Republicans" (1860). 505-509. 

1) Split in Democratic party: Davis resolutions, platform 

difficulties, separate conventions and nominees. 

2) Chief Republican candidates; the convention's choice. 

3) Constitutional Union party; purpose and candidates. 

4) Campaign arguments. 

5) Electoral vote. (Compare with popular vote.) 



79 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson. 624-785. 
Fish, 360-403. 
West, 587-618. 
Wilson, 210-252. 

General Accounts : 

Dodd, Expansion and Conflict, 268-328. 

Paxson, Civil War (1861) 1-91; (1862) 92-137; (1863) 137-208; (1864-65) 

209-248. 
Rhodes, Lectures on American Civil War, (1861) 89-109, (1862) 109-143, 

(1863) 143-185, (1864-65) 185-195. 
Wilson, History of American People, IV, 199-263. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, (1862) 3i? 4-358; (1863) 359- 

389; (1864) 412-436; (1865) 437-444. 



Topical Readings : 



1. Garner and Lodge, History of United States, III, 1127-59. 
Chadwick, Causes of Civil War, 136-277. 
Rhodes, Lectures on Civil War, 65-89. 
Burgess, Civil War and Constitution, I, 74-137. 
Hart, IV, 164-199, 204-210. 

2a. Chadwick, 278-342. 
Burgess, I, 138-166. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1159-1168. 
Hart, IV, 199-203, 211-227, 293-296. 

2b. Burgess, I, 167-205. 

Garner and Lodge, III, 1169-1182. 

2c. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 3-34. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1182-1190. 
Hart, IV. 228-255. 

2d. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 35-83. 
Burgess, I, 206-275. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1190-1201. 
Hart, IV, 306-323. 

80 



XII. THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865). 

1. Secession and attempts at adjustment. 511-514. 

a. Withdrawal of South Carolina. (Note immediate cause.) 

b. Action of gulf states. (Note motives.) 

c. Formation of Confederate States. Constitution of the Con- 

federacy. 587. 

d. Policy of Buchanan. 

1) View of right of secession. 

2) Plan of action. 

e. Attempts at compromise. 

1) Crittenden Compromise. Effort for referendum. 

2) The Peace Convention. 

2. Opening of hostilities. 514-520." 

a. Policy of Lincoln. 

1) View of secession. 

2) Rejection of compromise. 

3) Course pursued. 

a) In dealing with Seward. 

b) With reference to Fort Sumter. 

b. Effects of Sumter episode on North, South, and border states. 

517. Peculiar situation in Virginia. 520-1. 

c. • Relative strength and resources of sections. 

d. Preliminary operations : Virginia, West Virginia and Missouri. 

519-20, 526-27. 

3. Relations with Great Britain. 521-524. 

a. English sympathies during war. 

b. U. S. difficulties with British government. 

1) Proclamation of neutrality. Significance. 

2) Trent affair. 

3) Question of Confederate cruisers. 

4. Campaigns, 1861-1865. 526-571. 

a. General plan of operations. 

1) Object of land operations. 526. 

2) Work of the navy. 569. 

b. Western campaigns. 526-543. 

1) Effect of preliminary campaign of 1861. 

2) Campaign of 1862. 

a) Grant at Forts Henry and Donelson; at Shiloh. 

81 



3. Foster, Century of American Diplomacy. 357-400. 
Hosmcr, Appeal to Arms. 306-322. 
Burgess, II, 288-300. 

4b. Campaign of 1862. 

Hosmer, Appeal to Arm.'!. 84-124. 218-233. 

Garner and Ledge, III, 1202-1227. 

Burgess, I, 276-320; II, 1-6, 61-71, 119-130. 

Campaign of 1863. 

Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 265-280; Hosmer, Outcome, 23-56. 
Garner and Lodge, IH, 1264-74, 1285-88. 
Burgess, II, 145-155, 180-205. 

Campaign of 1864. 

Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War. 106-122, 201-217. 
Garner and Lodge, HI, 1304-1331. 
Burgess, II, 234-246, 261-270. 

Campaign of 1865. 

Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 232-248. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1332-1334. 

4c. Campaign of 1862. 

Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 125-200, 234-247. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1228-1263. 
Burgess, II, 7-60, 89-113. 

Campaign of 1863. 

Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 248-264, 281-305. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1274-1285. 
Burgess, II, 131-145, 157-170, 206-213. 

Campaign of 1864. 

Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 72-105, 186-200. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1289-1304. 
Burgess, II, 247-260. 

Campaign of 1866. 

Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, '•21S-2Z1, 269-306. 
Garner and Lodge, III, 1334-1346. 
Burgess, II, 271-287. 

4d. Hosmer, Outcome of Civil Ji'ar, 163-185. 

6. Garner and Lodge, III, 1352-1361. 

Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 13-22, 127-132. 

82 



b) Progress toward opening Mississippi river. 529. 

c) Bragg's operations in Tennessee and Kentucky. 

d) Net results. 

3) Campaign of 1863. 

a) Fall of Vicksburg. (Significance?) 

b) Operations around Chattanooga. 

c) Net results. 

4) Campaign of 1864. (Note Grant's promotion. Signifi- 

cance.) 

a) Sherman's march through Georgia to sea. 

b) Destruction of Hood's army in Tennessee. 

c) Net results. 

5) Campaign of 1865. 

a) Sherman's march northward. (Object?) 

b) Surrender of Johnston's army. 

6) Operations beyond Mississippi river, 1861-1865. 

c. Eastern campaigns. 545-569. 

1) Effect of pi-eliminary campaign of 1861. 

2) Campaign of 1862. 

a) McClellan's Peninsular campaign. 

b) Lee's first invasion of North: Antietam. 

c) Burnside at Fredericksburg. 

d) Net results. 

3) Campaign of 1863. 

a) Hooker at Chancellorsville. 

b) Second invasion of North: Gettysburg. 

c) Net results. 

4) Campaign of 1864. 

a) Grant's operations against Richmond. 

b) Sheridan in Shenandoah Valley. 

c) Net results. 

5) Collapse of Confederacy (1865). 

a) General situation early in 1865. 566. 

b) Hampton Roads conference. 

c) Surrender of Lee. Other surrenders. 

d. Federal naval operations. 569-571. 

e. Assassination of Lincoln. 568. 



5. Process of enlistment in the North. 572-574. 

a. Volunteers. 

b. Draft law; its success; New York riots. 

c. Bounties. 

d. Abuses of the system. 

e. Enlistment of negroes. Attitude of Confederates. 

83 



7. Burgess, II, 72-88, 114-118. 
Hosmer, Appeal to Anns, 201-'217. 

8. Garner and Lodge, III, 1347-1352. 
Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 3-13. 
Burgess, II, 214-225. 

9. Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 145-162. 
Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 298-312. 

10. Brown, Lower South in American History, 155-187. 
Wilson, History of American People, IV, 265-312. 



84 



6. Federal finances. 574-576. 

a. Chief sources of revenue. 

1) Taxation: income tax; higher tariff and excises. 

2) Issue of legal tender ("greenbacks"). 

3) Issue of bonds at high rates of interest. 

b. National banking act. 

1) Dual purpose of act. 

2) Main provisions. 

3) Act of 1865 and its effect on state banks. 

c. Currency difficulties. 

7. Progress of emancipation. 577-581. 

a. Purpose of the war. 

1) Position of Congress and of Lincoln. 

2) Desire of the radicals. 

b. Development of emancipation movement. 

1) Action of military commanders. 

2) Confiscation Acts of Congress. (See also 576.) 

3) Conservative policy of president. 

a) Proposals of compensation. (Where?) 

b) Attitude toward action of commanders. 

c) Tentative proclamation; Seward's suggestion. 

d) Impatience of radicals; Greeley's "Prayer." 

e) Lincoln's statement of his position. (Did he act con- 

sistently with his belief?) 

f) Proclamation: occasion, terms, constitutional basis. 

(Were all slaves freed?) (Examine the procla- 
mation in readings.) 

4) Emancipation by state amendment. 

5) Thirteenth amendment; terms and reasons for passage. 

580, 599. 

8. War powers of the president. 585-586. 

a. Lincoln's war proclamations, their justification and constitu- 

tionality. 

b. Military arrests and suspension of writ of habeas corpus. 

1) Justification; constitutionality. 

2) In Maryland; and under proclamation of 1862. 

3) Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 and its effect. 

4) Ex parte Milligan case (1866). 612. 

9. Political parties during the war. 581-585. 

a. Three Unionist groups. (Distinguish.) 

b. Regular Democrats: principles and tactics. 

c. Reaction against Lincoln administration. 

1) Causes. Election?, of 1862. 

86 



2) Strife within Republican party. 

3) Tactics of the "Copperheads." 

d. Counter-reaction in favor of Lincoln. 

1) Vallandigham episode (1863). 

2) Failure of Chase's candidacy. 

3) Campaign of 1864: candidates, issues, results. (Account 

for Johnson's nomination. See also 599.) 

10. Problems and policies of the Confederate States. 587-592. 

a. Presidency of Davis: weaknesses and strength. 

b. Peace party and its failure. 

c. Foreign relations. 

1) Failure to secure recognition from Great Britain. 

2) Friendly neutrality of France. 

d. Difficulties of raising troops. (Compare with North.) 

e. Financial resources and expedients. 

f. Effects of the blockade. 



87 



REFERENCES 
Other Texts: 

Elson, 786-812. 

Fish, 403-416. 

West, 618-630. 

Wilson, 253-371, 274-277. 

General Accounts: 

Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 7-35, 40-55. 

Paxson, The New Nation, 32-55. 

Wilson, History of American People, V, 1-78. 

Topical Readings: 

3. Dunning, Reconstruction Political and Economic, 3-60. 
Garner and Lodge, History of United States, III, 1370-86. 
Burgess, Reconstruction and Constitution, 8-41. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 459-478. 

4. Hart, IV, 445-458, 479-481. 
5b. Dunning, 51-70. 

Burgess, 42-83. 

5c. .Dunning, 71-84. 

5d. Dunning, 85-98. 

Garner and Lodge, III, l.'iPa-lSne. 
Burgess, 84-143. 

5e. Dunning, 99-108. 

Garner and Lodge. Ill, •1397-1405. 
Burgess, 157-194. 

6. Dunning, 109-123, 174-182. 
Burgess, 144-156, 195-240. 
Hart, IV, 485-489. 

7. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1416-1429. 

Brown, Lower South in American History, 191-225. 
Andrews, United States in Our Own Time, 111-168. 
Burgess, 247-276. 
Dunning, 182-189, 203-219. 
Hart, IV, 495-500. 

8. Dunning, 252-265. 

Beard, Contemporary American History. 54-67. ' 



XIII. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. 

1. Federal policy toward South at end of war. Dual problem: 

a. Reconstruction of Southern states. 

b. Adequate provision for welfare of emancipated negro. 

2. Nature of problem of reconstruction. 594-595. 

a. Two possible agencies of reconstruction. 

b. Current theories of status of Southern states. (Distinguish 

carefully between them.) 

1) Southern theory. 

2) Presidential theory. 

3) Sumner's "State-suicide" theory. 

4) Stevens' "Conquered-provinces" theory. 

5) "Forfeited rights" theory. 

3. Presidential restoration of Southern States. 

a. Lincoln's plan of restoration. 596-597. 

1) Temporary military government. 

2) Proclamation of Amnesty. (Did this include negro suf- 

frage ? ) 

3) Progress under this plan. 

b. First clash with Congress. 597-598. 

1) Dissatisfaction of radicals. 

2) Wade-Davis bill and Lincoln. 

c. Johnson's plan of restoration. 599-601. 

1) Early attitude toward South. 

2) Proclamation of Amnesty. (Compare with Lincoln's.) 

3) Action of states under Johnson's plan. 

4. Problem of safeguarding the freedmen. 601-604. 

a. Southern point of view; the old Black Code. 

b. New Black Code; its bearing on thirteenth amendment. 

c. Determination of radicals in Congress. 

d. Early action of Congress: Freedmen's Bureau. Its operation. 

5. Struggle between Johnson and Congress over Southern policy. 

a. Johnson's hopes of a moderate Republican party. 604. 

b. Evolution of program of radicals. 604-8. (Characterize Stev- 

ens. 625-6.) 

1) Attitude of Congress toward Johnson restoration. 

2) Creation of joint committee on reconstruction. 

89 



3) New Freedmen's Bureau bill (1866); its veto. Johnson's 

undignified conduct; his mistaken policy. 

4) Civil Rights Act; terms and constitutional basis. Conflict 

with president. 

5) First plan of Congressional reconstruction. 

a) Fourteenth amendment (see readings). Reasons for 

passage. 

b) Failure of South to ratify, except Tennessee which 

was restored to Union (1866). 

c. Fall elections of 1866: main facts and significance. 608, 611, 

640-41. 

d. Second Congressional plan: military reconstruction. 609-10. 

1) Act of March 2, 1867. (Main act.) 

2) Supplementary acts of March 23 and July 19. 

3) Non-interference of Supreme Court. 612-613. 

a) Mississippi v. Johnson. 

b) Georgia v. Stanton. 

c) Ex parte McCardle. 

e. Efforts to remove Johnson. 613-617. 

1) Efforts of Contcress to curb president, especially Tenure 

of Office Act. 611. 

2) First attempts to impeach. 

3) Impeachment and trial of Johnson. (Note constitutional 

basis for impeachment, charges against John- 
son, nature of the court, Johnson's defence and 
the decision.) 

6. Working out of military reconstruction in the South. 

a. Social and political conditions in South. 619-622. 

1) Southern view of Congressional reconstruction. 

2)' Formation of a party of conservatives. 

3) Birth of a Southern Republican party. Its elements. 

b. Re-establishment of the Union. 

1) Military reconstruction in operation. 622-625. 

a) Military governors and their activities. 

b) Tactics of the Southerners; Alabama plan. 

c) Action of the Southern States. (What states re- 

mained unreconstructed and why?) 

2) Completion of the Union. 

a) Fifteenth amendment passed by Congress. 626. 

(Why needed?) 

b) Reconstruction of last three states, upon condition of 

ratification of fifteenth amendment. 625. 

c) Second reconstruction of Georgia, after discipline and 

upon like condition. 

91 



7. Struggle of the South for white supremacy. 627-635. 

a. Organized lawlessness in the South: Ku Klux Klan, purpose, 

expansion, methods, dissolution and later his- 
tory. 627-630. 

b. Repressive measures of federal government under Grant. 

633-4. (Note terms, object and constitution- 
ality of the acts.) 

1) Enforcement act of 1870. 

2) Second enforcement act or federal elections act (1871). 

3) So-called Ku Klux act (1871). 634, 629. 

4) Later action: Civil Rights act (1875). 

c. Triumph of Southern whites. 630-633. 

1) Characteristics of carpet-bag rule. 

2) General Amnesty Act (1872). 634-635. 

3) Restoration of home rule (1870-1877). 

4) Final withdrawal of troops by Hayes (1877). (See also 

694-95). 

8. Judicial interpretation of the war amendments. 635-638. 

a. Attitude of Supreme Court on reconstruction. (Review 612-3.) 

b. Slaughterhouse cases. Significance. 

c. Later cases. 



93 



REFERENCES 



Other Texts: 



Elson, 813-842. 

Fish, 416-450. 

West, 630-640. 

Wilson, 271-273, 277-287. 



General Accounts: 



Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 35-39, 56-85. 

Paxson, New Nation, 1-31, 55-85. 

Wilson, History of American People, V, 78-113. 



Toaical Reading:s: 



1. Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 401-436. 
Dunning, Reconstruction Political and Economic, 151-173. 
Garner and Lodge, History of United States, IV, 1430-1452. 
Burgess, Reconstruction and Constitution, 299-327. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 547-556. 

2. Dunning, 136-150. 

3c. Dunning, 124-135. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1407-1415. 
Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 313-332. 

4a. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1460-1476. 

Beard, Contemporary American History, 27-41. 
Dunning, 230-37; Sparks, National Development. 3-52. 
Andrews, United States in Our Own Time, 249-274. 

4b. Andrews, 23-56. 

4c. Dunning, 190-202. 
Andrews, 57-86. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1453-1459. 
Stanwood, I, 333-355. 

4d. Dunning, 238-251, 281-293. 
Andrews, 95-110. 

5. Dunning, 266-280, 294-341. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1477-1489. 
Andrews, 195-222. 
Burgess, 280-298. 
Stanwood, I, 356-393. 

94 



XIV. NATIONAL READJUSTMENT AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 

(1865-1877). 

1. Diplomatic adjustments under Johnson and Grant. 

a. French in Mexico and their expulsion. 643. 

b. Purchase of Alaska. 643-44. 

c. Settlement of difficulties with England. 669-71, 672-74. 

1) Early efforts. Johnson-Clarendon convention. 

2) Sumner's statement of American claims. 

3) Treaty of Washington (1871). 

4) Deliberations at Geneva; the award. 

2. Financial reorganization. 660-664. 

a. State of national finances. 

b. Sources of opposition to revision of financial system. 

c. McCulloch's plan. 

1) Refunding and reduction of debt. 

2) Reduction of high war taxes. (Which kinds?) 

3) Abortive attempt to lower tariff. 

4) Retirement of greenbacks, 1866-68. (Object? Explain 

the expression, "resumption of specie pay- 
ment.") 

d. Boutwell's policy. (Contrast it with McCuUoch's.) 

e. Legal tender cases. 

3. Party situation after the war. 640-643. 

a. New issues and sources of strength of Republicans. 

b. Demoralization of Democratic party. 

c. Campaign of 1868. 

1) Republican nominations. 

2) "Ohio Idea" and Democratic .convention. 

3) Campaign and outcome. 

4. Grant's administrations. 

a. Economic revolution and its effects. 664-669. 

1) Chief fields of development. 

2) Panic of 1873: cause and facts. 

3) Continuance of hard times in West. 667-68. 

1) Reasons. 

2) Resulting currency demands. 

3) Grant's veto of inflation bill (1874). Political signifi- 



95 



4) Movement for resumption of specie payment. 668-69. 

1) Causes. 

2) Act of 1875. (See also 699.) 

b. Mistaken policies of Grant's first term. 644-646. 

1) Cabinet appointments; arbitrary dismissals. 

2) Policy toward South. (See also 633.) 

3) Quarrel with Sumner. (See also 671-72.) 

4) Vacillation on civil service reform. 

c. Campaign for re-election. 648-649. 

1) Defection of Liberal Republicans; causes, leaders, candi- 

dates. 

2) Action of the Democrats. 

3) Republican candidates and platform. 

4) Campaign and outcome. 

d. Political demoralization of Grant's second term. 649-52. 

1) Causes. 

2) Early scandals and frauds. 

3) Democratic tidal wave of 1874. 

4) Later exposures. 

5. Contested election of 1876-1877. 652-658. 

a. Candidates, nominations, issues. 

b. Disputed returns. (Sum up case of each state.) 

c. Electoral commission and its decision. 

d. Effect on the South. 



ii7 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 843-889. 

Fish, 450-482. 

West, 642-87, 703-724. 

I 

Wilson, 288-324. 

General Accounts : 

Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 80-174, 

Paxson, New Nation, 85-256. 

Wilson, History of American People, \", 115- 

Topical Readings: 



la,b. Beard, Contemporary American History, 41-49. 
Sparks, National Development. 251-264. 
Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 513-17. 

Ic. Sparks, 265-81; Dewey, National Problems, 3-11. 

Andrews, L'. S. in Our Own Time, 169-194, 739-745. 

2a,b. Sparks, 84-153. 

Andrews, 223-248. 

Garner and Lodge, History of United States, IV, 1489-1501. 

2c. Andrews, 307-317. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1502-1513. 

Sparks, 165-181. 

Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 394-418. 

2d. Andrews, 317-342. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1512-1518. 

Sparks, 182-191. 

Heard, Contemporary American History. 90-97. 

3. Sparks, 191-201, 154-164; Dewey, 21-39. 
Garner and Lodge, IV, 1518-26, 1602-1700. 
Beard, American Government and Politics, 222-230. 

4a,l),c. Sparks, 282-304. 

98 



XV. OPENING OF THE MODERN ERA (1877-1898). 

1. Development of the West, 1860-1890. 676-691. 

a. Progress of settlement. 

1) Location of settlements, 1860. Character of unoccupied 

reo"ion. 

2) Influence of precious metals. 

a) Circumstances attending beginnings of settlement in 

Nevada, Colorado, and Montana. 

b) Dates marking political developmrnt of each. 

c) Early and later methods of mining. 

3) Beginnings of Idaho, Wyoming, Arizona, and Dakota. 

4) Utah. Note peculiar facts. (See also 748.) 

b. Transcontinental railroads. 

1) Reasons for public interest. 

2) First line: Union Pacific and Central Pacific. 

a) Provisions of creating acts. 

b) Rivalry over eastern terminus. 

c) Completion. 

3) Main facts in history of other lines. 

4) Relation of roads to development of West. 

5) Evils resulting from government policy. 

c. Relations w^ith Western Indians. 

1) Grievances of the natives. 

2) Provisions of first treaties vs^ith Western tribes. 

3) Indian wars of '60's. (Note tribes and areas involved in 

each, and characterize the w^arfare.) 

4) Commission of 1867-8; aims and outcome. 

5) Later wars under Sheridan. (Characterize Sheridan's pol- 

icy, and note tribes and areas involved.) 

6) New Indian policy. 

a) Influences which produced change. 

b) Essentials of new policy. 

c) Provisions of Dawes and Burk^ acts. 

2. Party politics, 1877-1881. 

a. New issues. Significance. 693. 

b. Parties and factions during administration of Hayes. 693-7. 

1) Independents. Origin, principles, influence. 

2) Republicans. 

a) Character of Hayes; situation in party. 

b) Motives governing choice of cabinet. 

c) Course toward South. 

99 



4d. Campaign of 1884. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 15^7-1537. 
Andrews, 447-480. 
Sparks, 327-351. 
Stanwood, I, 419-449. 
Cleveland's influence on party. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1537-1557. 
Andrews, 481-507. 

Beard, Contemporary American Histury, 97-105. 
Peck, Twenty Years of Republic, 49-96, 139-151. 
Tariff made chief issue. 
Dewey, 57-75. 
Bcarr!, Contemporary American History, 108-112. 

4e. Fir.tt tariff campaian (1888). 
Dewey, 127-145. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1558-1565. 
Andrews, 547-558. 
Stanwood, I. 457-485. 
Peck, 151-165. 
Methods of victorious party. 
Dewey, 146-161. 
Peck, 166-179, 193-202. 
Republicans on tariff and surplus. 
Dewey, 174-187. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1566-1575. 
Andrews, 559-565. 
Peck, 202-215. 

4f. Peck, 353-376. 

Heard, Contemporary American History, 124-130. 
Dewey, 277-287. 

4g. Peck, 518-529. 

5a,b. Beard, Contemporary American History, 117-124. 
Andrews, 275-279. 
Hart, IV, 529-536. 

5c. Dewey, 238-251. 

Garner and Lodge, IV. 1593-1599. 
Andrews, 622-633. 
Peck, 252-305. 
Stanwood, I, 486-518. 

5. Dewey, 220-37, 252-276, 314-328. 

Garner and Lodge, IV, 1600-1605, 1627-1641. 

Andrews, 77.3-787. 

Beard, Contemporary American History, 164-198. 

100 



d) Effect of Hayes' policy on factions in party. 
3) Democrats. 

a) Investigation of election of 1876. Purpose and 

results. 

b) Attack on election laws. 

(1) Objectionable features of laws. (Review sec- 

ond enforcement act. 634.) 

(2) Devices used to force repeal. Degree of 

success. 

c. Campaign of 1880. 701-703. 

1) Leading Republican candidates. (Account for nomina- 

tions made.) 

2) Difficulties of Democrats. Nominations. 

3) Character of campaign and outcome. 

d. Garfield's brief administration. 703-705. 

1) Quarrel with Conkling. 

2) Evidences of need of reform. 

3) Succession of Arthur. 

Civil service and ballot reform. 707-712. 

a. Results of "spoils system." (Recall origin.) 

b. Pioneers of reform and their efforts. 

c. Act of 1871: provisions and history. 

d. Efforts of Hayes and obstacles encountered. 

e. Pendleton act (1883). Reasons for passage; terms. 

f. Later extensions of classified service. (Note what presidents 

have made extensions; to what extent partisan- 
ship has led to extension or contraction of the 
classified service; and the remnants of spoils 
system outside of classified service. See also 
720.) 

g. Ballot reform. 711-12. (Note old way of voting and attend- 

ant evils, and explain why the "Australian bal- 
lot" was a reform. Extent of adoption.) 

Tarifif in party politics after the war (1867-1897). 712-730. 

a. War tariff and problem of reducing war taxes. (Distinguish 

between protective and non-protective duties.) 

b. First efforts at tariff reduction (1867-75). (Note effect of 

panic of 1873.) 

c. Revival of movement for tariff reform, 

1) Relation of tariff to surplus revenue. Use and abuse of 

surplus. 

2) Significance of Congressional elections of 1882. 

3) Commission of experts (1882). (Contrast this method 

with earlier ways of revising tariff.) Recom- 
mendations made, as compared with act of 
1883. 

4) Morrison bill (1884). Terms. (Note division in Demo- 

cratic party.) 

101 



Stanwood, I. 519-569. 

Peck, (1893-95) 306-27, 335-49, 3S9-408. 

Peck, (1896) 445-517. 

6b. Railroads. 

Sparks, 53-67; Dewey, 91-111. 

Beard, Contemporary American History, 147-152. 
Manufactures. 
Peck, 127-139. 

6c. Andrews, 285-306, 717-739. 

Sparks, 68-83; Dewey, 40-56, 288-296. 

Beard, Contemporary American History, 249-253. 

Peck, 375-388. 



K2 



d. Cleveland's attitude on tariff. 

1) Campaign of 1884. 716-719. 

a) Presidential aspirants in each party. Factors deter- 

mining nominations. 

b) Campaign personalities. 

c) Influence of "Mugwumps" and Catholics. 

2) Cleveland's influence on Democratic party. Opposing ele- 

ments in party. 

3) Tariff made chief issue. 

a) Tariff in Democratic platform of 1884. 

b) Cleveland's insistence on reform. Message of 1887. 

c) Mills bill (1888). Effect on party. 

e. Triumph of protectionism. 

1) First tariff campaign (1888). 722-23. 

a) Considerations determining nominations. 

b) Issue. (Note Republican platform.) 

c) Character of campaign and factors governing out- 

come. 

2) Character and methods of victorious party. 

a) Dominance of machine politicians. 

b) Methods of "Czar" Reed. 

3) Republican policy on tariff and surplus. 

a) McKinley Tariff (1890). 

tection. (How attained?) 
(2) Reciprocity. 

b) Surplus. (Note expenditures, especially chief feat- 

ures of pension system.) 

c) Results of Republican financial policy. 

f. Reaction of sentiment on tariff. 

1) Second election of Cleveland. 

2) Wilson-Gorman Act (1893). (Distinguish between House 

bill and Senate amendments; and account for 
Cleveland's attitude. Note economic and po- 
litical results.) 

g. Dingley act (1897). 

1) Character (not details). 

2) Subsidence of tariff agitation. 

Political controversy over the currency (1873-1896). 

a. Movement for inflation of currency (1873-1880). 697-701. 
Causes. 

1) Greenback movement. Platform. Rise and decline of 

party (1876-1884). 

2) Beginning of free silver movement. 

a) History of the silver dollar to 1873. 

b) "Crime of '73." (Note falling prices of commodities. 

667. Popular interpretation.) 

103 



c) Causes of fall in price of silver. Demand for "free 
coinaffG." Bland bill and Allison amendment 
(1878). 
3) Effect of return of prosperity. 699-701. 

a) On free silver movement. 

b) On maintenance of specie payments. 

b. Revival of silver movement. 746-748. 

1) Experience under Bland-Allison Act. Act of 1886. 

2) Free silver bill of 1885 and its failure. 

3) Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890). 

a) Causes. 

(1) Contraction of currency. (Note effect of sale of 

bonds, 1886-1890.) 

(2) Revival of prosperity. 

(3) Influence of newly admitted states. 

b) History of its passage; provisions. 

c. Campaign of 1892. 748-753. 

1) Political course of Harrison. 

2) Republican rivalry and nominations. 

3) Democratic rivalry and nominations. 

4) Democrats and silver sentiment. 

5) People's party: history, purpose, nominations. 

6) Issues; campaign; result. 

d. Culmination of free silver crusade. 

1) Cleveland and silver. 753-757. 

a) Character of cabinet appointments. 

b) Panic of 1893. (Determine its causes, foreign and 

domestic.) 

c) Repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act: cause, terms, 

and effect on West. 

d) Measures to restore confidence. (Note main fea- 

tures.) 

2) Bryan campaign of 1896. 758-763. 

a) Organized agitation of silverites. 

b) Struggle in Democratic convention. 

c) Republican convention and candidates. 

d) Influence of silver issue on other parties. 

e) Character of campaign; issues; outcome. 

f ) Significance of political revolt of West. 

6. Industrial combinations. 731-744. 

a. Competition vs. combination. Argum^ents for and against. 

b. Capitalistic combinations. 
1) Railroads. 

a) Development of "through" lines. (Note N. Y. Cen- 

tral system.) 

b) Evils of competition. (Specify.) 

105 



c) Attempts at government regulation. 

(1) "Granger" laws and Wabash decision (1886). 

(2) Interstate Commerce Commission (1887). 

(3) Hepburn Rate Act (1906). 833. 

2) Manufactures. 

a) Causes of large scale production. 

b) Career of Standard Oil Co. as illustration. 

(1) Methods used against competitors. 

(2) Forms of organization: trust; corporation. 

c) Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890). 

(1) Public opinion concerning trusts. 

(2) Provisions of act. 

(3) Enforcement. 

d) Federal Trade Commission Act (1914). 

3) Banks. 

a) Two chief systems. 

b) Power of concentrated money control. Pujo investi- 

gation. 

c) Federal Reserve Act (1913). 

Labor combinations. 

1) Causes and purposes of labor organizations. 

2) Beginnings of labor organization in U. S. 

3) Efforts to unite all laborers. 

a) Knights of Labor. (Account for decline.) 

b) Federation of Labor. (Contrast plan of organization 

with that of Knights of Labor.) 

4) Questions raised by the Pullman strike. 



107 



REFERENCES 

Other Texts: 

Elson, 889-911. 
Fish, 483-499. 
West, 689-702. 
Wilson, 325-353. 

General Accounts : 

Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 175-207. 

Paxson, New Nation, 258-274. 

Wilson, History of American People, V, 269-300. 



Topical Readings: 

la. Beard, Contemporary American History, 199-204. 

lb. Samoan controversy. 

Sparks, National Development, 203-207. 

Peck, Twenty Years of Republic, 179-190. 
Fur seal controversy. 

Dewey, National Problems, 208-214. 

Peck, 190-193. 
Annexation of Hawaii. 

Dewey, 297-304. 

Peck, 243-251, 327-335, 607-608. 

Andrews, U. S. in Our Own Time, 700-706. 
Chinese immigration. 

Sparks, 229-250. 

Andrews, 356-331. 

Coolidge, U. S. as World Power, 327-340. 
Integrity of China. 

Latane, America as World Power, 100-113. 

Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 616-22. 
Relations vAth Japan. 

Latane, 113-119. 

Coolidge, 341-374. 

Ic. Difficulties zvith Chile. 
Sparks, 214-219. 
Peck, 227-243. 

108 



XVI. UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER. 

1. The new diplomacy. 

a. Chief objects. 764. 

b. America in the Pacific: 

1) Samoan controversy. 765-66. 

a) Early treaties of Samoa. 

b) Events leading to joint protectorate (1889). 

c) Partition of islands (1900). 

2) Fur seal controversy. 767. 

a) Claims of each side. 

b) Decision of arbitration tribunal (1893). 

3) Annexation of Hawaii. 771-74. 

a) Early history of Hawaii. Treaty of 1876. 

b) Revolution of 1893. 

(1) Causes and accomplishment. 

(2) American connection therewith. 

(3) Harrison's policy. 

(4) Anti-expansion sentiment. Action of Cleveland. 

c) Arnexation (1898). (Note cause.) Form of govern- 

ment (1900). 

4) Relations with China. 

a) Question of Chinese immigration. 774-75. 

(1) Burlingame treaty (1868). (Note cause and 

evidences of later change of sentiment.) 

(2) New treaty of 1880. Federal exclusion acts. 

b) Integrity of China and the "open door." 822-24. 

(1) European projects vs. Hay's "open door" policy. 

(2) Boxer insurrection. Foreign intervention. 

(3) Hay's diplomacy and results. 

(4) U. S. and Russo-Japanese war. 

5) Relations with Japan. 775-777. 

a) Transformation of Japan. Occidental distrust. 

b) California restrictions. Treaty rights. 

c. Relations with Latin America. 

1) Difficulties with Chile. 768-771. 

a) Chilean revolution. Attitude of U. S. minister. 

b) Further sources of irritation. 

c) Diplomatic settlement. 

2) Venezuelan boundary dispute. 777-781. 
a) Main facts in history of controversy. 

109 



Venezuelan boundary dispute. 

Htvicy, 304-313. 

Peck. 412-436. 
New Monroe Doctrine. 

Latane, 255-384. 

Coolidge, 95-120. 

Hart, IV, 625-628. 

2. Latane, 3-81. 

Garner and Lodge, History of U. S., 1641-1665. 
Beard, 204-218. 
Andrews, 799-823. 
Peck, 531-627. 
Hart, IV, 573-590. 

3a. Latane, 120-132. 

..dge, IV, 1665-1682. 
Andrews, 865-895. 
Peck, 641-652. 
Stanwood, 11, 1-76. 

3b. Latane, 175-191. 
Andrews, 833-832. 

3c. Andrews, 8:53-862. 

Latane, 82-99, 153-174. 
Coolidge, 148-171. 

3d. Dewey, 133-152. 
Beard, 218-221. 

3f. Sparks, 202-228; Dewey, 117-123; Latane, 204-223. 
Coolidge, 367-280. 

3g. Latane, 192-203. 



no 



b) Intervention of United States. 

(1) Grounds for interference. 

(2) Negotiations with England. 

(3) Cleveland's message. Outcome. 
3) The new Monroe Doctrine. 826-827. 

a) The contrast with original doctrine. Reasons for 

extension. 

b) Venezuelan dispute with Germany. 

c) San Domingan episode. 

2. Cuba and the war with Spain. 

a. Cuban situation. 782-787. 

1) Cuban parties. Ten Years' War. American connection 

therewith. 

2) Concessions of 1878; and Cuban discontent thereafter. 

3) Revolt of 1895. 

a) Causes. Methods of belligerents. 

b) Cleveland's policy. Attitude of Congress. 

c) Failure of Sagasta's concessions. (Why?) 

b. Precipitation of war. 787-790. 

1) Irritating events: de Lome letter; Maine disaster. 

2) McKinley's demands. Spain's response. 

3) Declaration of war. (Account for American feeling.) 

4) Purpose of United States. 

c. Events of Spanish-American war (1898). 

1) Naval operations. 790-95, 799-801, 804. 

a) Dewey in Philippines. 

b) Operations in West Indian waters. 

2) Land campaigns. 795-99, 801-4. 

a) Siege and surrender of Santiago. 

b) Occupation of Porto Rico. 

c) Methods and conditions of w^arfare. 

d. Peace negotiations. 805-806. 

1) Preliminaries. 

2) Terms cf treaty. (Compare with protocol and account 

for differences.) 

3. Policy and problerr>s of expansion. 

a. Campaign of 1900; main issue, candidates, outcome. 827. 

b. Relations with Cuban republic. 806-807. 

1) Am.erican occupation. Reforms undertaken. 

2) Organization of Cuban government. Piatt amendment. 

3) Reoccupation (1906-1909). 

Ill 



c. Philippines as an American colony. 809-812. 

1) Pacification of natives. (Note cause of revolt.) 

2) Measures for government of Philippines. (Note succes- 

sive stages.) 

3) Progress under American rule, 

d. Constitutional questions of expansion. 813-814. 

e. Porto Rico as an American colony. 814. 

f. Panama canal. 814-822. 

1) Treaty with Colombia (1848). 

2) Clayton-Bulwer treaty. (See also 458.) 

3) Development of policy for American-owned canal. 

a) Influence of de Lesseps' project. 

b) Attitude of Hayes; of Blaine. 

c) Interest in Nicaraguan route (1884-1898). 

d) Hay-Pauncefote treaty (1901). 

4) Difficulties with Colombia. 

a) Decision of Congress as to canal route. 

b) Hay-Herran treaty. Rejection by Colombia. ' 

c) Panama revolution (1903). 

(1) Events in Panama. Aid of United States. 

(2) Canal treaty. 

5) Main features of construction of canal. 

g. Alaskan boundary question. 825-826. 



113 



REFERENCES 



Other Texts: 



Fish, 500-535. 
West, 724-748. 
Wilson, 353-357 (to 1909). 



Genera! Accounts: 



Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 207-245. 
Paxson, New Nation, 276-342. 



Topical Readings : 

la. Peck, Twenty Years of Republic, 652-682. 

lb. Garner and Lodge, History of U. S., IV, 1683-1691. 
Andrews, U. S. in Our Own Time, 897-930. 
Beard, Contemporary American History, 254—264. 
Peck, 682-705. 

Ic. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1701-1715. 

Latane, U. S. as World Power, 224-241. 

Beard, 264-271. 

Peck, 706-716. 

Stanwood, History of Presidency, II, 77-140. 

Id. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1715-1727. 
Beard, 271-282. 

2a. Stanwood, II, 141-213. 
Beard, 317-321. 

2b. Beard, 321-331. 

2c. Beard, 331-343. 

3. Beard, 344-381. 

For events since 1912, see The American Year Book for the proper year. 



114 



XVII. INTERNAL AFFAIRS UNDER ROOSEVELT AND TAFT. 

1. Roosevelt's presidential career. 

a. Circumstances of accession. 829. 

b. Corporation policy. 829-831. 

1) First message. Reception by Congress. Appeal to peo- 

ple. (Contrast Democratic view.) 

2) Settlement of coal strike. 

3) Message of 1903. Concession by Congress. 

c. Election of 1904. Main facts. 832. (Leading issue?) 

d. Further efforts at reform. 832-834. 

1) Arbitration treaties. 

2) Enlargement of powers of Interstate Commerce Commis- 

sion (1906). 

3) Pure food laws. 

4) Regulation of campaign contributions. 

e. Popular opinion of Senate and president. 834. 

2. Administration of Taft. 

a. Presidential election of 1908. 834-837. 

1) Reasons for nomination of Taft. Platform. 

2) Democratic candidate. Other parties. 

3) Campaign and outcome. 

b. Constructive measures. 849-851. 

1) Conservation of natural resources. 

a) Origin of movement under Roosevelt. ' 

b) Purposes of conservation: forests; irrigation; coal 

lands. 

2) Sixteenth and seventeenth amendments. 838, 851. 

3) Other important acts. 851. 

c. Controversies. 837-842. 

1) Payne-Aldrich tariff. Effect on party. 

2) Ballinger-Pinchot affair. 

3) Reduction of speaker's power. 

4) Democratic tidal wave of 1910. 840. 

5) Canadian reciprocity. 

115 



6) Democratic tariff program. 

7) Lorimer investigation. 842. 

8) Trust prosecutions. 

3. Presidential election of 1912. 843-848. 

a. Split in Republican party. 

1) Insurgent movement. 

2) Victory of regulars in convention. 

3) Formation of Progressive party. 847. 

b. Democratic convention. Triumph of progressive element. 

c. Platforms; campaign; outcome. 



117 



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Andrews, C. M., Colonial Self-Government, 1652-1689 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1904. 

Andrews, E. B., The United States in our Own Time. Scribner, 1903. 

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Woodburn, J. A., Political Parties and Party Problems in the United States. Putnam, 

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119 



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